Events
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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Hold the nose down a touch longer and let speed build to 76 kt before liftoff.
What happened: The aircraft lifted off at 34 kt, 42 kt below the 76 kt target.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 76 kt at liftoff
See Departure Roll
Arrival
Stop the rotation once the sink is arrested at 0.5 ft, holding the normal landing attitude instead of continuing to pull back.
What happened: The flare pitch reached 7.5°, well above this type's ground attitude, and touchdown followed at a sink rate of 320 fpm. Over-rotating the flare like this usually carries through to a firm or hard touchdown.
Watch for: Attitude indicator: hold the normal landing attitude once sink is arrested at 0.5 ft.
A typical trainer rotates in the mid-50s of knots - a 172 at around 55 KIAS, climbing out at a Vy in the low 70s, though check your own POH rather than memorising Cessna's numbers - and the transferable rule is that Vr sits just above the stall speed in takeoff configuration. Rotate early because "it felt ready" and the aircraft lifts off inside ground effect, where induced drag is reduced, then climbs out of it into more drag. On a marginal-performance day the result is an aircraft that lifts off and then refuses to climb, sagging back towards the runway.
Read more in Improve Your Take-OffsStart to finish · 13 stages, 11 in the score
Events
Events
Events
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Events
From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Lifted off at 34 kt with 0.1° of pitch. Climb 3 held close to its 107 kt target, at 106 kt on average.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 0 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 543 m runway.
Rolled from 31 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 2.5 m at the widest, and lifted off 2.6 m left, in 5 kn of crosswind from the left. Airborne 16 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The final from 4 nm.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
High from 1.4 nm, where the final began, to 1.2 nm (up to 440 ft over), then back on it to the threshold.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 104 m left of the centreline at 1.4 nm, then inside the band from 0.9 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 33 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 20 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Fast from 1.4 nm, where the final began, to 0.7 nm (up to +46 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
The flare wandered off the target profile. Pitch reached 14.1° at touchdown, well above this aircraft's ground attitude. Touchdown was 179 m past the threshold. That is tail strike territory - stop the rotation once the sink is arrested.
3 kt across from the right, which takes about 3° of crab to hold the centreline at 49 kt. Touched down with 2° of it still on, 3° of bank.
Wind 195° at 5 kt · 4 kt tail · 3 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 62 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 10 s, an average deceleration of 0.19 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 541 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 42 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 33 ft. Touched down 179 m in, 126 m short of the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 541 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 720 fpm at the flare to 320 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 7.5° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the full 541 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 1.6 m left of the centreline, and stayed within 1.9 m of it down the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 179 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 320 fpm arrival was firm.
The rest of the report
The Kodiak 100 taxied from the parking area to runway 24 at VNLK Lukla Airport in less than one minute, covering a distance of less than one nautical mile.
During the departure roll on runway 24, the aircraft accelerated to a liftoff speed of 34 kt and became airborne after a takeoff run of 92 m, which represented 17 % of the runway length; ambient temperature was 13 °C with an 8-kt wind from 195°, providing a 6-kt headwind and a 6-kt crosswind component.
The climb commenced overhead the airport, climbing from 9,406 ft to 10,654 ft above sea level-a gain of 1,249 ft-in one minute while traversing three nautical miles.
Level cruise began three miles southwest of VNLK and was maintained for three minutes, during which the aircraft covered seven nautical miles.
On final approach to runway 06, the aircraft approached from the southwest on a heading of 58.0° at one nautical mile distance and an altitude of minus 17 ft AGL.
Touchdown occurred on runway 06, whose total length is 541 m; the threshold speed was 60 kt, the aircraft touched down 169 m from the threshold at 49 kt with a descent rate of 536 fpm, and alignment was reported as very good. Weather at the time was 13 °C with a 5-kt wind from 195°, giving a 4-kt crosswind and a 4-kt tailwind component.
The rollout distance measured 387 m, representing 72 % of the runway, and runway alignment during rollout was described as perfect.
In total, the flight covered 10 nm, lasted taking 7, and consumed 15 kg of fuel.
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