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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Arrival
Use small rudder inputs against a point at the far end of the runway to hold the centreline during rollout.
What happened: During the rollout the aircraft drifted 12 m off the centreline.
Watch for: Runway centreline marks: hold the aircraft tracking straight down the centreline through rollout
See Arrival Rollout
A crosswind landing is a geometry problem. The air mass you're flying in is moving sideways across the runway, and you need your ground track down the centreline with your wheels aligned to it at the moment of contact. There are two techniques that will help, the crab and the sideslip.
Read more in Crosswind Landings in the SimStart to finish · 15 stages, 13 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 141 kt, on the 139 kt target, and lifted off at 147 kt 2.4 s later, the nose coming up at 3.2° a second. Climb 3 held close to its 162 kt target, at 157 kt on average.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 953 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 1,867 m of runway left; gear up at 62 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,540 fpm on average to 953 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 3,660 m runway.
Rolled from 93 m in, drifted 2.1 m right of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 39 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 10 ft below the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 24× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 16 m off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 34 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 20 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between +4 kt and +8 kt on the approach speed of 134 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
Perfect landing flare
8 kt across from the right, which takes about 3° of crab to hold the centreline at 135 kt. Touched down with the nose 4° into wind, wings level.
Wind 050° at 9 kt · 2 kt tail · 8 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 137 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 35 s, an average deceleration of 0.16 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,683 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 42 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 35 ft. Touched down 436 m in, 132 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,683 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 630 fpm at the flare to 80 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.2° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,683 m of the 3,169 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 7 m left of the centreline and drifted to 12 m right on the rollout, back to 4.5 m right by the end.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 436 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The Embraer E175 taxied from the parking area to runway 16R at KSLC, a movement that lasted 7 minutes and covered 2 nm.
Take-off was performed on runway 16R. The aircraft used 1,433 m of runway (39 % of the available length) and rotated at 141 kt. Local weather was 19 °C with a wind of 14 kt from 180°, giving a 14 kt headwind and 1 kt crosswind.
Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 19 seconds, averaging 2,221 fpm and reaching 156 kt at the top of the segment.
The climb continued from 5,232 ft asl to 31,996 ft asl in 13 minutes, covering 77 nm, beginning about 1 mile south-west of KSLC.
Cruise was level at 32,000 ft asl for 60 minutes, covering 356 nm, with the aircraft positioned about 9 miles south-west of TVSF.
Descent from 32,002 ft asl to 1,311 ft asl took 21 minutes and covered 105 nm, starting roughly 9 miles north-east of E45.
Final approach to runway 30 at KOAK began with a descent from 1,349 ft agl to 66 ft agl in 99 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were all met: gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed, and wings level. The landing gear was lowered at 2,431 ft agl at 157 kt, and the final flap position 5 was selected at 2,356 ft agl at 155 kt.
Landing on runway 30 (runway length 3,169 m) had a good threshold height and a threshold speed of 139 kt. The flare was described as great. Touchdown occurred 436 m down the runway at 135 kt, a little fast, with an excellent vertical rate of minus 78 fpm. The touchdown point was slightly off centreline by 7.0 m. No bounce was observed.
Total landing distance was 1,595 m (50 % of the runway). The rollout ended slightly misaligned by 12.4 m from the centreline. Local weather at KOAK was 18 °C with a wind of 9 kt from 050°, giving a 9 kt crosswind and a 2 kt tailwind.
After landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area in 4 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.
Overall, the flight covered 548 nm in 109 minutes and consumed 2,073 kg of fuel.
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