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EGPE
Inverness, Scotland
Runway 05
Elevation26 ft asl
Weight824 kg
Fuel66 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

87.08 %
EGPE
Inverness, Scotland
Runway 05
Elevation26 ft asl
Weight822 kg
Fuel65 kg
18 May 2023 0:04 5 nm Van's RV-14A N714WH 1 kg
Departure Score
96.10 %
Pattern Score
84.93 %
Arrival Score
80.21 %

What went well

Touchdown 156 m in — inside the full-score zone
Straight touchdown — 0.34 m off the centreline, no bounce
Airborne in 569 m — 31 % of the runway

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Threshold speed was slightly above target at 64 kn at 0 %, Landing and flare profile at 49 %, −4.59 points
Pattern Base Leg — Heading -31.2 ° at 0 %, −2.50 points
Pattern Downwind Turn — Angle to runway (45 degrees) 82.2 ° at 0 %, −1.68 points

Next time

Keep the approach speed on target

See Arrival Landing

Every knot above Vref is stored kinetic energy, and energy stored at the threshold must be dissipated in ground effect before the aeroplane will stop flying. Because kinetic energy scales with the square of speed, the excess you must dissipate grows fast. At a 45-knot approach, five knots hot is over a tenth more speed and roughly a quarter more energy to get rid of in ground effect. This is why the fix is never in the flare. It was decided three miles earlier, on final, at the airspeed indicator.

Read more in VRef Explained

Start to finish · 13 stages, 13 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Roll 98.31Departure roll runway 05 at EGPE Inverness. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 64 kn. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Tailwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 0 m0 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 64 knTarget 64 kn
92 % Runway alignment max 3.98 m3.98 m left to 0.00 m left 3.98 2.20 m
100 % Average g force 0.96 g0.92 g min to max 1.01 g 0.96 0.98 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 4.3 °4.2 ° min to max 4.5 ° 4.5 4.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.1 0.1 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights OFF should be ON
Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl · 58 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl · 58 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 3 ft agl · 58 kt
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 15.2 m agl from runway 05 EGPE Inverness.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.2 °-0.2 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.2 -0.2 °
100 % Average speed 84 kn65 kn min to max 101 kn 65 101 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.3 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.89 g min to max 1.15 g 0.94 1.11 g
Info Average VSI 2.3 m/s1.7 m/s min to max 3.9 m/s 1.7 3.9 m/s
Info Average altitude 4.6 m agl-0.3 m agl min to max 15.4 m agl 0.0 15.4 m agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.4 °4.5 ° min to max 9.7 ° 4.5 9.7 °
Departure Climb 2 90.00Departure climb to 121.9 m agl from 05 EGPE Inverness.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 106 kn101 kn min to max 114 kn 101 108 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.3 ° min to max 3.9 ° 0.4 3.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.99 g min to max 1.16 g 1.11 1.03 g
Info Average VSI 6.5 m/s4.0 m/s min to max 18.0 m/s 4.0 18.0 m/s
Info Average altitude 37.7 m agl17.8 m agl min to max 157.7 m agl 17.8 157.7 m agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.7 °9.2 ° min to max 22.5 ° 9.8 22.5 °
Pattern Entry 100.00Left hand pattern entry from runway 05 EGPE Inverness. Distance was less than 1 nm in 15 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 102 kn100 kn min to max 107 kn 106 107 kn
100 % Average bank angle 24.1 °8.3 ° min to max 29.8 ° 8.3 29.8 °
100 % Average g force 0.94 g0.85 g min to max 1.01 g 0.94 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 9.7 m/s0.0 m/s min to max 18.4 m/s 18.4 0.0 m/s
Info Average altitude 277.3 m agl176.4 m agl min to max 321.7 m agl 176.4 321.2 m agl
Info Average pitch angle 12.2 °1.7 ° min to max 22.5 ° 22.5 1.7 °
Pattern Crosswind 100.00Left hand pattern crosswind from runway 05 EGPE Inverness. Distance was less than 1 nm in 16 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading -3.5 °-25.0 ° min to max 18.6 ° 18.6 -25.0 °
100 % Average speed 116 kn108 kn min to max 119 kn 108 116 kn
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.82 g min to max 1.20 g 1.00 1.15 g
Info Average VSI -3.4 m/s-5.3 m/s min to max -1.1 m/s -1.1 -2.9 m/s
Info Average altitude 285.6 m agl257.9 m agl min to max 319.5 m agl 319.5 257.9 m agl
Info Average bank angle 17.2 °2.7 ° min to max 29.7 ° 29.7 29.2 °
Info Average pitch angle -1.1 °-4.2 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.3 0.6 °
Pattern Downwind Turn 69.71Pattern Downwind Turn. Distance was 1 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 82.2 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 82.2 °.
100 % Average speed 108 kn100 kn min to max 116 kn 116 100 kn
100 % Average bank angle 24.2 °8.2 ° min to max 31.3 ° 31.0 8.2 °
97 % Average g force 1.16 g1.02 g min to max 1.30 g 1.16 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 0.7 m/s-2.8 m/s min to max 2.3 m/s -2.8 2.0 m/s
Info Average altitude 258.1 m agl251.4 m agl min to max 269.0 m agl 255.2 269.0 m agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.1 °0.8 ° min to max 6.5 ° 0.8 6.5 °
Pattern Downwind 100.00Pattern Downwind Leg. Distance was 2 nm in 77 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading -2.6 °-19.0 ° min to max 4.3 ° -3.2 -19.0 °
100 % Average altitude 295.2 m agl220.3 m agl min to max 336.3 m agl 271.3 220.3 m agl
100 % Average speed 93 kn84 kn min to max 100 kn 100 84 kn
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.88 g min to max 1.06 g 1.02 1.03 g
Info Average VSI -0.6 m/s-5.8 m/s min to max 2.9 m/s 2.2 -4.9 m/s
Info Average bank angle 2.3 °0.0 ° min to max 12.2 ° 4.5 12.2 °
Info Average pitch angle 3.2 °-3.4 ° min to max 7.8 ° 6.5 -2.8 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 1,128 ft agl · 91 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 1,126 ft agl · 89 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 809 ft agl · 88 kt
Pattern Base Leg Turn 84.87Pattern Base Leg Turn. Distance was 1 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 27.4 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
50 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 27.4 °.
100 % Average speed 75 kn72 kn min to max 82 kn 82 74 kn
100 % Average bank angle 14.4 °6.6 ° min to max 17.6 ° 15.1 6.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.94 g min to max 1.11 g 1.04 1.07 g
Info Average VSI -4.8 m/s-6.2 m/s min to max -2.9 m/s -4.9 -2.9 m/s
Info Average altitude 164.4 m agl116.3 m agl min to max 215.5 m agl 215.5 116.3 m agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.0 °-4.5 ° min to max 2.2 ° -2.2 2.2 °
Pattern Base Leg 55.00Pattern Base Leg. Distance was less than 1 nm in 28 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Heading -31.2 °-84.1 ° min to max -15.2 ° -15.2 -84.1 °
100 % Average speed 69 kn65 kn min to max 73 kn 73 70 kn
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.95 g min to max 1.14 g 1.08 1.04 g
Info Average VSI -1.1 m/s-2.2 m/s min to max 0.4 m/s -2.2 -2.0 m/s
Info Average altitude 98.6 m agl84.9 m agl min to max 114.3 m agl 114.3 84.9 m agl
Info Average bank angle 9.6 °0.0 ° min to max 28.7 ° 4.6 19.9 °
Info Average pitch angle 4.3 °1.9 ° min to max 7.2 ° 3.4 1.9 °
Arrival Final 2 89.78Approaching runway 05 at EGPE Inverness from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 82.5 m agl to 79.0 m agl. A decrease of 3.5 m in 7 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
86 % Approach angle 2.2 °2.2 ° min to max 2.4 °Target 3.0 ° 2.2 2.4 °
100 % Average speed 70 kn69 kn min to max 71 kn 71 69 kn
100 % Heading variation -0.3 °-0.5 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.5 -0.0 °
70 % Average bank angle 3.7 °1.5 ° min to max 13.3 ° 13.3 3.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.99 g min to max 1.09 g 1.09 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -0.7 m/s-2.2 m/s min to max -0.1 m/s -2.2 -0.1 m/s
Info Average altitude 79.7 m agl79.0 m agl min to max 82.5 m agl 82.5 79.0 m agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.0 °2.8 ° min to max 5.4 ° 2.8 5.3 °
11.251.51.752150200250300350400Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-50-38-25-13013253850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 91.67Approaching runway 05 at EGPE Inverness from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 78.9 m agl to 7.3 m agl. A decrease of 71.6 m in 40 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
65 % Approach angle 2.5 °1.2 ° min to max 3.9 °Target 3.0 ° 2.4 1.2 °
100 % Average speed 68 kn64 kn min to max 76 kn 69 64 kn
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.0 °
94 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 4.4 ° 3.5 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.92 g min to max 1.09 g 0.99 1.09 g
Info Average VSI -3.0 m/s-3.9 m/s min to max 0.8 m/s -0.1 -3.0 m/s
Info Average altitude 30.5 m agl7.3 m agl min to max 81.7 m agl 78.9 7.3 m agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °-0.6 ° min to max 7.0 ° 5.1 5.9 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-40-30-20-10010203040Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 44.87Landing on runway 05 at EGPE Inverness, runway length 1,814 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was slightly above target at 64 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Threshold speed was slightly above target at 64 kn. Target 60 kn
49 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 -0.0 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.2 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.2 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.86 g min to max 1.15 g 1.10 0.86 g
Info Average speed 56 kn47 kn min to max 64 kn 64 47 kn
Info Average VSI -1.1 m/s-2.9 m/s min to max -0.3 m/s -2.9 -1.1 m/s
Info Average altitude 2.0 m agl0.1 m agl min to max 4.1 m agl 4.1 0.1 m agl
Info Average pitch angle 12.2 °6.1 ° min to max 15.4 ° 6.1 15.4 °

Events

Info Stall Warning Activated 14 ft agl · 61 kt
07515001123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 94.51Touchdown distance was good at 152 m. Touchdown speed at 47 kn was good. Touchdown rate was fair at -1.2 m/s. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Tailwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
81 % Touchdown VSI was -1.2 m/s.
100 % Touchdown distance was 152 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 47 knTarget 52 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 0.39 m0.37 m right -0.37 -0.34 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.5 0.0 °
84 % Average g force 1.18 g0.85 g min to max 1.53 g 0.85 1.07 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 47 kn47 kn min to max 48 kn 47 47 kn
Info Average pitch angle 6.6 °3.1 ° min to max 15.2 ° 15.2 6.8 °

Events

Info Stall Warning Deactivated 3 ft agl · 46 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 64 kt with 4.5° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

120 kt8040025°13°0°LIFTOFF4.5° off9° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH01020 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 51 kt 4.5° 0 s
Liftoff71 m 64 kt 4.5° 1.9 s
35 ft379 m · 7.0 s after liftoff 98 kt 8.8° 9.0 s
End of the climb1,141 m · 511 ft 108 kt 22.5° 23.2 s

Takeoff from EGPE 05

Takeoff roll100.00
569m31 %
Liftoff speed100.00
64kt
Runway alignment91.53
3.98m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb100.00
459fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 511 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 933 m of runway left; then climbing at 1,440 fpm on average to 511 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

750 ft375 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END304050KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 64 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 1,814 m runway.

Rolled from 501 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 3.9 m at the widest, and lifted off 2 m left. Airborne 31 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

5001,0001,500THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 3.85 m LROLL 501 M INAirborne 572 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 572 m of 1,814 m · 32 %
Behind the start of the roll, 501 mTakeoff roll, 71 m Left ahead, 1,242 m

The circuit to EGPE 05

Left-hand, 1,000 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from liftoff to the threshold.

Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 1 nm out at 96 kt

How to read this

The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.

45° to the thresholdTHRLANDING123crosswinddownwindbase90+75-89under 75not a circuit legtextbook circuit

Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded

How to read this

The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The green box is circuit height, 1,000 ft, on the downwind. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°. "Turn crosswind from" is the lowest height to start the first turn at.

05001,0001,5000°30°HEIGHT ftBANKcircuit height 1,000 ftturn crosswind from 500 ft30°131°218°3distance flown →
HeightBankA turnCircuit height ±50 ft30° of bank
1Crosswind turn
Turned at
1,038 ft
Bank
30°
Speed
102 kt

Good: full marks on the turn and the leg after it.

2Onto downwind
Bank
31°
Height
968 ft
Speed
93 kt
Out
0.9 nm 1 suits 96 kt

Lost marks: scored 70.

3Base turn
Angle
27° target 45°
Bank
18°
Height
707 ft

Late: turned base with the threshold 27° behind, against 45°.

The stopwatch. From abeam the threshold, fly roughly 30 to 45 seconds before turning base, in nil wind at 172 speeds. Treat that as a starting value and calibrate it. If your finals keep coming out at 400 ft instead of 500, add a few seconds. Then adjust for wind, roughly a second per knot of headwind on final (a headwind on final is a tailwind on downwind, carrying you further from the field per second).

Read more in Pattern Work
Entry100Crosswind100Turn onto downwind70Downwind100Base turn85Base55

The approach to EGPE 05

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 1.1 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 130 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND261236
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 7× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 1.1 nm, never more than 58 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR146 m L0146 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND30 m R6 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on EGPE 05

Over the threshold

Threshold height30.04
13ft
Threshold speed0.00
64kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.00m R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
156m
Centreline100.00
0.39m R
Speed100.00
46kt
Touchdown rate81.24
-228fpm
Impact84.00
1.53G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No wind recorded: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 13 ft, 37 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 156 m in, 149 m short of the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

13 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −228 fpm · 15.4° nose up · 47 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 13 ft, down at 156 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 520 fpm at 18 ft to 230 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 9.5° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°8°16°touchdown−228 fpm at touchdown15.4° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 1,814 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 156 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 156 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 156 m of 1,814 m · 9 %
In the air over the runway, 156 mRollout, 0 m Left over, 1,658 m

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