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EDDK
Cologne-Bonn, Germany
Runway 14L
Elevation249 ft asl
Weight2,775 kg
Fuel288 kg
Wind120° · 3 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

86.15 %
EDDK
Cologne-Bonn, Germany
Runway 14L
Elevation249 ft asl
Weight2,759 kg
Fuel269 kg
24 Aug 2023 0:07 8 nm BF 109G-6 19 kg
Departure Score
91.89 %
Enroute Score
85.87 %
Arrival Score
76.81 %

What went well

Rollout controlled — 35 % of the runway used
Airborne in 1,525 m — 40 % of the runway

What held you back

Enroute Climb — speed limits at 65 %, g force 0.64 to 1.73 g at 73 %, −4.62 points
Arrival Rollout — bounce at touchdown; Runway alignment max 55.63 m at 0 %, −3.00 points
Arrival Landing — Landing and flare profile at 0 %, Threshold speed was well above target at 110 kn at 76 %, −2.51 points
Arrival Touchdown — Runway alignment max 37.13 m at 0 %, Touchdown distance was 725 m at 71 %, −1.65 points

Next time

Shorten the long landing

See Arrival Touchdown

Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 14 stages, 12 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 0 kn0 kn min to max 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 knmax 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
100 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Fail Beacon Light OFF should be ON
Departure Roll 82.56Departure roll runway 14L at EDDK Cologne-Bonn. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 132 kn. Local weather - Temperature 18 °C. Wind 3 kn at 119 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 3 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 0 m0 % of runway
67 % Liftoff speed was 132 knTarget 110 kn
46 % Runway alignment max 22.93 m17.24 m left to 5.69 m right 0.98 4.46 m
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.89 g min to max 1.07 g 0.97 1.06 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 5.2 °-2.5 ° min to max 15.3 ° 14.7 4.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 3.6 ° 0.3 0.3 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights OFF should be ON
Departure Climb 1 98.36Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 14L EDDK Cologne-Bonn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.4 ° -0.1 0.4 °
100 % Average speed 146 kn132 kn min to max 160 kn 132 160 kn
93 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.0 ° min to max 4.5 ° 0.7 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.75 g min to max 1.20 g 1.07 1.11 g
Info Average VSI 247 ft/m31 ft/m min to max 657 ft/m 352 657 ft/m
Info Average altitude 23 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 52 ft agl 0 52 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.2 °2.7 ° min to max 7.4 ° 5.0 6.7 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 16 ft agl · 138 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 28 ft agl · 144 kt
Departure Climb 2 99.68Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 14L EDDK Cologne-Bonn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.6 °0.4 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.4 1.1 °
100 % Average speed 165 kn160 kn min to max 181 kn 160 181 kn
99 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.0 ° min to max 2.5 ° 0.6 1.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.11 g0.87 g min to max 1.22 g 1.09 1.03 g
Info Average VSI 1,197 ft/m677 ft/m min to max 2,095 ft/m 677 1,646 ft/m
Info Average altitude 133 ft agl72 ft agl min to max 393 ft agl 72 393 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.5 °6.6 ° min to max 10.3 ° 6.6 7.5 °

Events

Fail Bounce during liftoff 156 ft agl · 170 kt
Departure Climb 3 78.86Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 14L EDDK Cologne-Bonn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 1.5 °1.3 ° min to max 1.7 ° 1.3 1.3 °
100 % Average speed 183 kn178 kn min to max 185 kn 182 178 kn
0 % Average bank angle 13.8 °0.1 ° min to max 42.6 ° 0.7 42.6 °
89 % Average g force 1.13 g0.91 g min to max 1.45 g 1.02 1.45 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 2,862 ft/m1,694 ft/m min to max 3,677 ft/m 1,694 3,622 ft/m
Info Average altitude 653 ft agl403 ft agl min to max 970 ft agl 403 970 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.9 °7.6 ° min to max 15.3 ° 7.6 15.3 °
Enroute Climb 72.31Enroute climb started 1 mile west of Lohmar (Regierungsbezirk Koeln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany). Climbing from 1,302 ft asl to 2,930 ft asl, an increase of 1,627 ft in 1 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
65 % Climb speed 174 kn163 kn min to max 187 knTarget 220 kn 176 171 kn
73 % Average bank angle 31.2 °2.0 ° min to max 53.6 ° 43.8 6.0 °
73 % Average g force 1.23 g0.64 g min to max 1.73 g 1.69 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 1,937 ft/m190 ft/m min to max 4,638 ft/m 3,838 2,572 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,991 ft asl1,302 ft asl min to max 2,930 ft asl 1,302 2,930 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 8.8 °1.8 ° min to max 19.1 ° 17.5 12.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 2,449 ft agl · 179 kt
Enroute Descent 99.43Enroute descent started overhead Roesrath (Regierungsbezirk Koeln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany). Descent from 3,099 ft asl to 2,123 ft asl, a decrease of 976 ft in 1 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 130 kn125 kn min to max 153 kn 153 126 kn
100 % Average bank angle 19.5 °1.2 ° min to max 30.6 ° 1.2 15.6 °
94 % Average g force 1.04 g0.77 g min to max 1.35 g 0.85 1.07 g
Info Average VSI -1,362 ft/m-2,254 ft/m min to max 753 ft/m 753 -2,254 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,683 ft asl2,123 ft asl min to max 3,103 ft asl 3,099 2,123 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-4.2 ° min to max 5.6 ° 4.7 -3.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 2,834 ft agl · 158 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 2,443 ft agl · 138 kt
Arrival 100.00Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started overhead Roesrath (Regierungsbezirk Koeln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 123 kn114 kn min to max 128 kn 126 114 kn
100 % Average bank angle 9.1 °2.1 ° min to max 16.3 ° 16.2 10.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.90 g min to max 1.13 g 1.05 1.05 g
Info Average VSI -1,415 ft/m-2,276 ft/m min to max -706 ft/m -2,252 -712 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,065 ft asl345 ft asl min to max 2,086 ft asl 2,086 345 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °-5.0 ° min to max 5.1 ° -3.4 5.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 1 91.36Approaching runway 14L at EDDK Cologne-Bonn from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 85 ft agl to 39 ft agl. A decrease of 46 ft in 4 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
91 % Approach angle 2.5 °2.4 ° min to max 2.7 °Target 3.0 ° 2.7 2.6 °
100 % Average speed 113 kn110 kn min to max 114 kn 114 110 kn
98 % Heading variation -0.2 °-0.3 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.2 -0.3 °
68 % Average bank angle 9.9 °3.0 ° min to max 14.9 ° 9.1 3.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g1.00 g min to max 1.11 g 1.00 1.10 g
Info Average VSI -613 ft/m-690 ft/m min to max -432 ft/m -690 -432 ft/m
Info Average altitude 54 ft agl39 ft agl min to max 85 ft agl 85 39 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.3 °4.4 ° min to max 9.2 ° 4.7 9.2 °
00.250.50.751050100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-50-38-25-13013253850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 62.41Landing on runway 14L at EDDK Cologne-Bonn, runway length 3,812 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was well above target at 110 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
76 % Threshold speed was well above target at 110 kn. Target 95 kn
0 % Landing and flare profile
86 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.6 ° -0.3 0.6 °
96 % Average bank angle 1.5 °0.0 ° min to max 3.6 ° 2.8 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.87 g min to max 1.12 g 1.11 0.87 g
Info Average speed 95 kn77 kn min to max 110 kn 110 77 kn
Info Average VSI -168 ft/m-420 ft/m min to max 77 ft/m -420 -176 ft/m
Info Average altitude 23 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 38 ft agl 37 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 12.7 °9.4 ° min to max 18.5 ° 9.4 12.6 °

Events

Info Stall Warning Activated 35 ft agl · 95 kt
07515022530037545052560067575082501123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600675750825-30-24-18-12-60612182430Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 75.31Touchdown point was 317 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 77 kn was good. Touchdown rate was good at -176 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was excessively misaligned by 37.1 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 20 °C. Wind 3 kn at 119 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 3 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
87 % Touchdown VSI was -176 ft/m.
71 % Touchdown distance was 725 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 77 knTarget 82 kn
0 % Runway alignment max 37.13 m34.30 m left 31.56 37.13 m
72 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.2 0.0 °
89 % Average g force 1.09 g0.87 g min to max 1.44 g 0.87 1.07 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 76 kn75 kn min to max 77 kn 77 75 kn
Info Average pitch angle 13.7 °12.6 ° min to max 15.0 ° 12.6 15.0 °
Arrival Rollout 55.00Total landing distance 1,384 m, 36 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was excessively misaligned by 55.6 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,384 m36 % of runway.
0 % Runway alignment max 55.63 m55.63 m left to 0.00 m left 37.40 6.55 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.05 g 1.05 0.98 g
Info Average speed 67 kn39 kn min to max 74 kn 74 39 kn
Info Average pitch angle 12.8 °10.4 ° min to max 15.5 ° 14.8 14.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.3 0.3 °

Events

Fail Bounce during touchdown 5 ft agl · 72 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 5 ft agl · 75 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 21 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 19 kn0 kn min to max 38 kn 38 0 kn
Info Average pitch angle 14.4 °14.1 ° min to max 14.7 ° 14.4 14.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.5 1.2 °
Info Average g force 0.99 g0.96 g min to max 1.03 g 0.99 0.96 g
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 16 kn5 kn min to max 22 kn 6 5 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 10 knmax 13 kn 0 5 kn
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.92 g min to max 1.00 g 0.92 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 14.3 °14.0 ° min to max 14.8 ° 14.8 14.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 1.5 ° 1.0 0.9 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 5 ft agl · 18 kt
Info Parking Brake On 5 ft agl · 3 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 131 kt with 5.0° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

210 kt14070020°10°0°LIFTOFF5.0° off6° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 10 kt 14.7° 0 s
80 kt493 m 80 kt 0.3° 24.1 s
Liftoff1,323 m 131 kt 5.0° 39.4 s
35 ft2,023 m · 9.4 s after liftoff 157 kt 6.2° 48.8 s
End of Climb 34,218 m · 970 ft 178 kt 15.3° 73 s

Takeoff from EDDK 14L

Takeoff roll100.00
1,525m40 %
Liftoff speed67.07
131kt
Runway alignment45.73
17.24m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb98.36
246fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 970 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,582 m of runway left; then climbing at 1,720 fpm on average to 970 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 131 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 3,812 m runway.

Rolled from 208 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 17 m at the widest, and lifted off 3.9 m left. Airborne 40 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS1 kn75 %widest 16.96 m LROLL 208 M INAirborne 1,530 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,530 m of 3,812 m · 40 %
Behind the start of the roll, 208 mTakeoff roll, 1,323 m Left ahead, 2,282 m

The approach to EDDK 14L

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 0.7 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 100 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND227
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 518 m left of the centreline at 0.7 nm.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND214 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on EDDK 14L

Over the threshold

Threshold height81.29
36ft
Threshold speed75.56
110kt
Centreline offset86.07
0.18m L

Touchdown

Past threshold70.69
725m
Centreline0.00
37.13m L
Speed100.00
77kt
Touchdown rate86.69
-188fpm
Impact89.14
1.44G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No wind recorded: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 77 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 32 s, an average deceleration of 0.08 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608010060 kt · 358 m30 kt · 841 mtouchdown874 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 36 ft, 14 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 725 m in, 420 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

36 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −176 fpm · 12.6° nose up · 77 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 36 ft, down at 725 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 240 fpm at 53 ft to 50 fpm at 47 ft, then back up to 180 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 3.3° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°10°19°touchdown−176 fpm at touchdown12.6° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,812 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 37 m left of the centreline, and steered back to 18 m left by the end of the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 725 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 725 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,335 m of 3,812 m · 35 %
In the air over the runway, 725 mRollout, 610 m Left over, 2,477 m
Rollout distance100.00
610m35 % used
Rollout alignment0.00
55.63m L

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