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LIPB
Bolzano, Italy
Runway 19
Elevation778 ft asl
Weight3,141 kg
Fuel200 kg
Wind300° · 5 kn · 5 kn cross

Flight Score

93.22 %
LOWS
Salzburg, Austria
Runway 15
Elevation1,411 ft asl
Weight3,060 kg
Fuel115 kg
24 May 2023 0:44 123 nm Cessna 414A 85 kg
Departure Score
95.66 %
Enroute Score
98.29 %
Arrival Score
87.97 %

What went well

Touchdown 427 m in — inside the full-score zone
Rollout controlled — 34 % of the runway used
Rollout held the centreline — 0.20 m off at taxi speed

What held you back

Arrival Final 1 — Approach angle 5.3 ° at 16 %, bank angle up to 9.9 ° at 79 %, −1.39 points
Departure Climb 2 — bank angle up to 25.2 ° at 39 %, −1.27 points
Arrival Landing — Threshold speed was too high at 126 kn. at 52 %, −1.22 points
Departure Roll — Takeoff distance 5,445 m at 0 %, −0.10 points

Top opportunity

Maintain the centreline

Departure Roll

A small uncorrected heading error at 40 knots becomes a metre of offset per second by 100 knots, noticed only at rotation, producing a crabbed liftoff. Root cause is nearly always eyes on the tape instead of the far end of the runway. Small heading changes displace a distant point visibly long before the nearby centreline stripes look wrong.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 15 stages, 14 scored

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 88 minutes and covered 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 2 kn0 kn min to max 18 kn 0 16 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 11 knmax 14 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.96 g min to max 1.00 g 0.96 0.99 g
100 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle 3.7 °2.6 ° min to max 3.8 ° 3.7 3.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.0 0.1 °

Events

Fail Beacon Light OFF should be ON
Fail Navigation Light OFF should be ON
Fail Navigation Light OFF should be ON
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 14 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 15 kt
Departure Roll 98.84Departure roll runway 19 at LIPB Bolzano. Takeoff distance 5,445 m 443 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 101 kn. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 5 kn at 300 °. Crosswind: 5 kn Tailwind: 2 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Takeoff distance 5,445 m443 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 101 knTarget 100 kn
94 % Runway alignment max 3.20 m0.00 m left to 3.20 m right -1.20 -3.20 m
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.96 g min to max 1.06 g 1.00 1.06 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 3.2 °2.6 ° min to max 6.0 ° 3.5 6.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 0.4 °
Departure Climb 1 99.09Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 19 LIPB Bolzano.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.1 °
100 % Average speed 105 kn102 kn min to max 108 kn 102 108 kn
96 % Average bank angle 2.2 °0.5 ° min to max 3.4 ° 0.5 2.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.07 g0.95 g min to max 1.25 g 1.09 0.95 g
Info Average VSI 617 ft/m392 ft/m min to max 760 ft/m 392 760 ft/m
Info Average altitude 19 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 44 ft agl 0 44 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.8 °6.5 ° min to max 9.6 ° 6.5 8.8 °
Departure Climb 2 84.72Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 19 LIPB Bolzano.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.2 °-1.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 0.3 °
100 % Average speed 112 kn108 kn min to max 124 kn 108 124 kn
39 % Average bank angle 2.9 °0.2 ° min to max 25.2 ° 2.0 25.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.93 g min to max 1.11 g 0.95 1.09 g
Info Average VSI 823 ft/m733 ft/m min to max 1,387 ft/m 762 1,199 ft/m
Info Average altitude 104 ft agl52 ft agl min to max 371 ft agl 52 371 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.9 °7.9 ° min to max 10.8 ° 8.7 9.4 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 71 ft agl · 112 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 113 ft agl · 116 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 155 ft agl · 120 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 155 ft agl · 120 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 175 ft agl · 121 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 220 ft agl · 123 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 297 ft agl · 124 kt
Enroute Climb 96.48Enroute climb started overhead LIPB Bolzano Bolzano (Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy). Climbing from 1,169 ft asl to 14,430 ft asl, an increase of 13,262 ft in 10 minutes and covering 7 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
91 % Climb speed 118 kn112 kn min to max 127 knTarget 130 kn 124 112 kn
100 % Average bank angle 8.7 °0.0 ° min to max 26.3 ° 25.9 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.80 g min to max 1.13 g 1.11 0.80 g
Info Average VSI 1,316 ft/m1,043 ft/m min to max 1,521 ft/m 1,209 1,043 ft/m
Info Average altitude 5,335 ft asl1,169 ft asl min to max 14,430 ft asl 1,169 14,430 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 9.9 °7.3 ° min to max 10.3 ° 9.6 7.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 10,124 ft agl · 140 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 10,124 ft agl · 140 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north of San Genesio Atesino (Bolzano, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy) and lasted 23 minutes, covering 86 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 14,467 ft asl14,451 ft asl min to max 14,482 ft asl 14,465 14,470 ft asl
100 % Average speed 214 kn153 kn min to max 220 kn 153 220 kn
100 % Average bank angle 2.8 °0.0 ° min to max 21.7 ° 0.3 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.20 g 1.02 1.02 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.3 °0.2 ° min to max 4.7 ° 4.7 1.3 °
Enroute Descent 99.71Enroute descent started 5 miles north east of Saalfelden am Steinernen Meer (Politischer Bezirk Zell am See, Salzburg, Austria). Descent from 14,472 ft asl to 3,430 ft asl, a decrease of 11,042 ft in 7 minutes and covering 21 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 232 kn200 kn min to max 240 kn 218 200 kn
100 % Average bank angle 11.0 °0.0 ° min to max 23.0 ° 0.0 6.7 °
97 % Average g force 1.02 g0.70 g min to max 1.17 g 0.96 0.70 g
Info Average VSI -1,581 ft/m-4,548 ft/m min to max 15 ft/m 15 -545 ft/m
Info Average altitude 10,598 ft asl3,430 ft asl min to max 14,472 ft asl 14,472 3,430 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -3.2 °-11.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 1.0 -2.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 7,194 ft agl · 218 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 7,194 ft agl · 218 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 8,943 ft agl · 234 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Deactivated 8,943 ft agl · 234 kt
Enroute Level 2 96.97Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south west of Bergheim (Politischer Bezirk Salzburg-Umgebung, Salzburg, Austria) and lasted 1 minutes, covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 3,445 ft asl3,199 ft asl min to max 3,690 ft asl 3,410 3,199 ft asl
100 % Average speed 159 kn140 kn min to max 199 kn 199 146 kn
100 % Average bank angle 24.9 °7.1 ° min to max 38.8 ° 7.1 31.8 °
70 % Average g force 1.12 g0.52 g min to max 1.78 g 0.67 1.18 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °-6.0 ° min to max 16.9 ° -4.2 -5.7 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 2,192 ft agl · 141 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 1,873 ft agl · 145 kt
Arrival 74.42Arrival started 1 mile south west of Bergheim (Politischer Bezirk Salzburg-Umgebung, Salzburg, Austria).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 132 kn130 kn min to max 140 kn 140 132 kn
47 % Average bank angle 20.5 °2.2 ° min to max 41.6 ° 32.6 11.2 °
79 % Average g force 1.13 g0.90 g min to max 1.62 g 1.23 1.12 g
Info Average VSI -2,064 ft/m-2,442 ft/m min to max -1,195 ft/m -2,325 -1,951 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,689 ft asl2,185 ft asl min to max 3,158 ft asl 3,158 2,185 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -5.2 °-7.4 ° min to max 0.2 ° -5.3 -4.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 1 79.12Approaching runway 15 at LOWS Salzburg from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 711 ft agl to 69 ft agl. A decrease of 642 ft in 21 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
16 % Approach angle 5.3 °4.1 ° min to max 7.1 °Target 3.0 ° 7.1 4.1 °
100 % Average speed 129 kn127 kn min to max 133 kn 132 127 kn
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.1 -0.0 °
79 % Average bank angle 2.0 °0.1 ° min to max 9.8 ° 8.2 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.89 g min to max 1.15 g 0.89 1.04 g
Info Average VSI -1,710 ft/m-2,267 ft/m min to max -1,391 ft/m -1,911 -1,391 ft/m
Info Average altitude 243 ft agl69 ft agl min to max 711 ft agl 711 69 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -3.5 °-7.0 ° min to max -2.0 ° -6.3 -2.0 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400450500550600650700Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-50-38-25-13013253850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 81.67Landing on runway 15 at LOWS Salzburg, runway length 2,312 m. Threshold height at 64 ft agl was above target. Threshold speed was too high at 126 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
52 % Threshold speed was too high at 126 kn. Target 100 kn
81 % Target 50 ft agl
97 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.0 0.0 °
97 % Average bank angle 1.5 °0.0 ° min to max 3.1 ° 1.1 0.8 °
91 % Average g force 1.08 g0.89 g min to max 1.41 g 1.04 0.92 g
Info Average speed 121 kn115 kn min to max 126 kn 126 115 kn
Info Average VSI -714 ft/m-1,387 ft/m min to max -148 ft/m -1,387 -221 ft/m
Info Average altitude 19 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 64 ft agl 64 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.2 °-1.9 ° min to max 4.2 ° -1.9 1.4 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl
Info Engine 2 Started 3 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl
07515022530037545001326385164Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 82.31Touchdown point was 165 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 115 kn was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was fair at -221 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 13 °C. Wind 2 kn at 146 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 2 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
82 % Touchdown VSI was -221 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 429 mTarget 457 m
40 % Speed at touchdown 115 knTarget 87 kn
95 % Runway alignment max 2.89 m1.93 m left 0.93 2.89 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.1 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.8 0.1 °
90 % Average g force 1.04 g0.72 g min to max 1.42 g 0.92 1.14 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 111 kn107 kn min to max 115 kn 115 107 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °-0.1 ° min to max 4.9 ° 1.4 2.5 °
Arrival Rollout 96.76Total landing distance 979 m, 42 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 979 m42 % of runway.
93 % Runway alignment max 3.81 m3.61 m left to 0.20 m right 2.92 -0.20 m
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.99 g min to max 1.11 g 1.11 1.01 g
Info Average speed 96 kn60 kn min to max 104 kn 104 60 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °2.0 ° min to max 2.7 ° 2.4 2.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Info Bounce during touchdown 3 ft agl · 96 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 93 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 16 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 17 kn9 kn min to max 53 kn 53 10 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.8 °1.0 ° min to max 3.8 ° 1.9 3.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.0 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 8 kn4 kn min to max 10 kn 10 4 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 6 knmax 8 kn 0 4 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 3.5 °3.3 ° min to max 3.7 ° 3.3 3.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.1 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights ON should be OFF
Fail Taxi Light OFF should be ON
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl

Takeoff

100.00Takeoff roll616 m · 50 %
100.00Liftoff speed101 kt
94.21Runway alignment3.20 m R
OkBounce on takeoffNone
99.09Rate of climb617 fpm

Landing

The threshold, the flare and the hold-off. The approach that led to it is the stabilisation gates below.

80.56Threshold height63 ft
52.22Threshold speed126 kt
100.00Centreline offset0.01 m L

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: five checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out.

Five checks, one gate500 ft
Gear down
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed

Touchdown on LOWS 15

Past threshold100.00
427m
Centreline95.29
2.89m L
Speed40.02
114kt
Touchdown rate82.00
-231fpm
Impact90.29
1.42G
BouncesOk
None

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

63 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft 80 ft400 Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 63 ft, down at 427 m

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,312 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD FULL SCORE TO 503 M 427 m past threshold CLEARED

The 427 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 785 m of 2,312 m · 34 %
Rollout distance100.00
358m34 % used
Rollout alignment92.79
3.61m L

The rest of the report

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Flight map
Replay this flight in 3D The full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.
Takeoff report
Takeoff on runway 19 at LIPB Bolzano in the Cessna 414A
95.66 %
100 %
Taxi
Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 88 minutes and covered 3 nm.
Taxi Lights
100 %
Switched On
Ground Speed kt
100 %
30 15 0
Turn Speed
100 %
30 15 0
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
4 3 2
98.84 %
Takeoff Roll
Departure roll runway 19 at LIPB Bolzano. Takeoff distance 5,445 m 443 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 101 kn. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 5 kn at 300 °. Crosswind: 5 kn Tailwind: 2 kn.
Takeoff Distance
100 %
Roll distance of 5,445 m using 443.47 % of runway
Liftoff Speed
100 %
Liftoff speed was 101 kn - Target 100 kn
Alignment
94.21 %
0.00 m left to 3.20 m right
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Strobe Lights
100 %
Switched On
Landing Lights
100 %
Switched On
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
110 60 10
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
7 4.5 2
02505007501,000-15-10-5051015 Runway Distance m Runway Alignment to End of Runway m
99.09 %
Climb 1
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 19 LIPB Bolzano.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
110 105 100
Bank °
96.37 %
4 2 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
10 8 6
Climb Rate fpm
Info
800 350 -100
84.72 %
Climb 2
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 19 LIPB Bolzano.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
130 115 100
Bank °
38.87 %
26 13 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
11 9 7
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,400 1,000 600
02505007501,000023466992115 Runway Distance m Height at End of Runway ft
00.040.080.130.170.210100200300 Climb Distance NM Climb Profile to 1,000 ft
00.040.080.130.170.21-60-48-36-24-1201224364860 Climb Distance NM Runway Alignment (in m) to 1,000 ft
Landing report
Landing on runway 15 at LOWS Salzburg in the Cessna 414A
Landing Score 84.97 %
79.12 %
Final 1
Approaching runway 15 at LOWS Salzburg from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 711 ft agl to 69 ft agl. A decrease of 642 ft in 21 seconds.
Glideslope
16.26 %
Poor descent path above glideslope limit
Heading
100 %
Excellent heading alignment
Glideslope °
16.26 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
133 126 120
Alignment
100 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
79.34 %
10 5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-1,391 -1,846 -2,300
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400450500550600650700 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
00.250.50.751-50-38-25-13013253850 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment m
81.67 %
Landing
Landing on runway 15 at LOWS Salzburg, runway length 2,312 m. Threshold height at 64 ft agl was above target. Threshold speed was too high at 126 kn.
Height
80.56 %
Threshold height at 64 ft agl was above target. Target 50 ft agl
Speed
52.22 %
Threshold speed was too high at 126 kt. Target 100 kt
Flare
96.92 %
Excellent landing flare
Centreline ft
100 %
100 0 -100
Bank °
97.05 %
4 2 0
G
90.86 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
127 118 110
Pitch °
Info
5 2 -1
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-148 -774 -1,400
07515022530037545001326385164 Runway Distance m Landing Height ft
075150225300375450-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
82.31 %
Touchdown
Touchdown point was 165 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 115 kn was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was fair at -221 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 13 °C. Wind 2 kn at 146 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 2 kn.
Touchdown
82 %
Touchdown rate was fair at -231 fpm.
Speed
40.02 %
Touchdown speed at 115 kt was excessively fast. Target below 87 kn
Distance
100 %
Touchdown point was 165 m beyond the touchdown zone.
Alignment
95.29 %
Runway touchdown alignment was very good.
Bank
100 %
Bank angle 0.5 °
G
90.29 %
G 1.04 g
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
96.76 %
Rollout
Total landing distance 979 m, 42 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
Distance
100 %
Landing distance 979 m using 42.36 % of runway
Alignment
92.79 %
Runway rollout alignment was very good.
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
IAS kt
Info
106 83 60
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
3 2 1
0200400600800 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
100 %
Taxi
Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
Landing Lights
Switched On
Taxi Lights
Switched Off
Ground Speed kt
100 %
30 15 0
Turn Speed
100 %
30 15 0
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
4 3.5 3
Metrics
Metrics

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