CYTZ to KBUF Flight Report - DHC-4 Caribou

Flight from CYTZ to KBUF

Sunday, 26 February 2023 16:09

Minutes 40

57 nm

Fuel 130 kg

DHC-4 Caribou

Departure

Runway 26 at CYTZ

Toronto\/City Centre

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Altitude

249 ft asl

Weight

10,908 kg

Fuel

1,510 kg

Temperature

3 °C

Wind Speed

22 kt

Wind Direction

280.0 °

Headwind

19 kt

Crosswind

10 kt

Arrival

Runway 23 at KBUF

Buffalo Niagara Intl

Buffalo New York, United States

702 ft asl

Altitude

10,778 kg

Weight

1,380 kg

Fuel

1 °C

Temperature

19 kt

Wind Speed

239.7 °

Wind Direction

18 kt

Headwind

5 kt

Crosswind

Flight Score 79.18%

Departure Score 82.03%

Enroute Score 99.26%

Arrival Score 47.50%

Flight Map

Replay this flight in 3D — the full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.

Flight Stages CYTZ to KBUF

Click on a stage to view more detailed information

Departure Taxi

65.7 %

Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 6 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
68 %	Average speed 5 kn 0 kn min to max 30 kn	0		28 kn
71.25 %	Average speed turning corners 12 kn max 19 kn	0		0 kn
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.99 g min to max 1.01 g	1.00		1.00 g
0 %	Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info	Average pitch angle -0.5 ° -1.3 ° min to max 3.1 °	-0.2		-0.0 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.2 ° 0.0 ° min to max 2.6 °	0.1		0.0 °
Info	Parking Brake Off at 16:10:28
Info	Parking Brake On at 16:10:42
Info	Parking Brake Off at 16:11:11
Info	Parking Brake On at 16:14:21
Info	Parking Brake Off at 16:14:40
Info	Beacon Light OFF should be ON at 16:11:49
Info	Navigation Light OFF should be ON at 16:12:36
Info	Navigation Light OFF should be ON at 16:14:10

Departure Roll

89.87 %

Departure roll runway 26 at CYTZ Toronto\/City Centre. Takeoff distance 910 m 73 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 79 kn. Local weather - Temperature 3 °C. Wind 22 kn at 280 °. Crosswind: 11 kn Headwind: 19 kn.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Takeoff distance 910 m 73 % of runway
100 %	Liftoff speed was 79 kn Target 90 kn
99.33 %	Runway alignment max 0.71 m 0.00 m left to 0.71 m right	-0.08		-0.71 m
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.99 g min to max 1.02 g	1.00		1.00 g
100 %	Takeoff Bounce
Info	Average pitch angle 0.2 ° -0.2 ° min to max 1.8 °	-0.1		1.8 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.2 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.4 °	0.0		0.4 °
Info	Flaps Position 1 at 16:16:09
Info	Landing Lights OFF should be ON at 16:16:02

Departure Climb 1

88.86 %

Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 26 CYTZ Toronto\/City Centre.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Heading variation 0.2 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.3 °	0.1		0.0 °
100 %	Average speed 95 kn 79 kn min to max 106 kn	79		106 kn
55.44 %	Average bank angle 2.0 ° 0.1 ° min to max 5.0 °	0.4		1.8 °
100 %	Average g force 1.01 g 0.97 g min to max 1.06 g	1.01		0.99 g
Info	Average VSI 263 ft/m 180 ft/m min to max 308 ft/m	180		272 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 16 ft agl 0 ft agl min to max 38 ft agl	0		38 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle 0.8 ° 0.2 ° min to max 2.2 °	1.9		0.4 °

Departure Climb 2

85.72 %

Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 26 CYTZ Toronto\/City Centre.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Heading variation -0.4 ° -1.6 ° min to max -0.0 °	-0.0		-1.6 °
100 %	Average speed 111 kn 102 kn min to max 137 kn	106		137 kn
42.89 %	Average bank angle 3.0 ° 0.0 ° min to max 6.1 °	1.7		0.5 °
100 %	Average g force 1.04 g 0.79 g min to max 1.21 g	0.99		1.01 g
Info	Average VSI 332 ft/m 23 ft/m min to max 1,139 ft/m	270		678 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 102 ft agl 53 ft agl min to max 398 ft agl	53		398 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle 1.3 ° 0.0 ° min to max 5.0 °	0.4		3.0 °
Info	Landing Gear Up at 16:16:48
Info	Flaps Fully Retracted at 16:16:48

Departure Climb 3

80 %

Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 26 CYTZ Toronto\/City Centre.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Heading variation -2.0 ° -3.1 ° min to max -1.6 °	-1.6		-3.1 °
100 %	Average speed 140 kn 130 kn min to max 146 kn	137		130 kn
0 %	Average bank angle 5.3 ° 0.4 ° min to max 27.8 °	2.7		27.8 °
100 %	Average g force 1.03 g 0.97 g min to max 1.21 g	1.00		1.06 g
100 %	Landing gear up
Info	Average VSI 1,237 ft/m 686 ft/m min to max 2,453 ft/m	686		2,094 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 607 ft agl 396 ft agl min to max 980 ft agl	396		980 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle 5.0 ° 2.2 ° min to max 10.2 °	2.9		9.4 °

Enroute Climb

100 %

Enroute climb started 1 mile south of Little Portugal (Toronto county, Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 1,277 ft asl to 4,966 ft asl, an increase of 3,689 ft in 3 minutes and covering 8 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average speed 123 kn 116 kn min to max 143 kn	130		143 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 11.0 ° 0.1 ° min to max 29.8 °	29.1		0.1 °
100 %	Average g force 1.03 g 0.93 g min to max 1.12 g	1.10		1.00 g
Info	Average VSI 1,342 ft/m 162 ft/m min to max 2,018 ft/m	2,018		162 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 2,390 ft asl 1,277 ft asl min to max 4,966 ft asl	1,277		4,966 ft asl
Info	Average pitch angle 7.1 ° 0.3 ° min to max 9.8 °	9.4		0.3 °
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0

Enroute Level

97.03 %

Enroute level cruise started 7 miles south east of CYTZ Toronto\/City Centre Toronto (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 15 minutes, covering 42 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
90.09 %	Average altitude 4,767 ft asl 4,046 ft asl min to max 5,008 ft asl	4,973		4,046 ft asl
100 %	Average speed 139 kn 101 kn min to max 171 kn	152		103 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 3.4 ° 0.0 ° min to max 25.7 °	7.5		1.1 °
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.91 g min to max 1.20 g	1.00		0.98 g
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Average pitch angle 1.1 ° -2.0 ° min to max 4.7 °	0.1		3.4 °
Info	Landing Gear Down at 16:36:11
Info	Flaps Position 4 at 16:36:11

Enroute Descent

100 %

Enroute descent started overhead Clarence Center (Erie County, New York, United States). Descent from 4,043 ft asl to 1,298 ft asl, a decrease of 2,745 ft in 4 minutes and covering 3 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average speed 82 kn 75 kn min to max 95 kn	95		80 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 8.0 ° 0.0 ° min to max 27.4 °	6.0		14.3 °
100 %	Average g force 1.01 g 0.84 g min to max 1.18 g	1.15		0.99 g
Info	Average VSI -712 ft/m -1,011 ft/m min to max 475 ft/m	221		-456 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 2,602 ft asl 1,298 ft asl min to max 4,089 ft asl	4,043		1,298 ft asl
Info	Average pitch angle -3.0 ° -5.2 ° min to max 5.6 °	3.8		-3.4 °
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0

Enroute Level 2

100 %

Enroute level cruise started overhead Harris Hill (Erie County, New York, United States) and lasted 1 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average altitude 1,250 ft asl 1,197 ft asl min to max 1,280 ft asl	1,280		1,249 ft asl
100 %	Average speed 75 kn 69 kn min to max 82 kn	82		78 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 15.8 ° 0.5 ° min to max 30.1 °	18.6		22.8 °
100 %	Average g force 1.05 g 0.87 g min to max 1.19 g	1.04		1.00 g
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Average pitch angle 1.9 ° -3.8 ° min to max 5.2 °	-3.5		2.6 °

Arrival

100 %

Arrival started overhead Harris Hill (Erie County, New York, United States).

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average speed 79 kn 72 kn min to max 84 kn	76		84 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 13.8 ° 0.4 ° min to max 27.6 °	19.2		23.1 °
100 %	Average g force 1.04 g 0.91 g min to max 1.22 g	1.13		1.15 g
Info	Average VSI -324 ft/m -586 ft/m min to max -89 ft/m	-215		-586 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 1,176 ft asl 1,057 ft asl min to max 1,245 ft asl	1,245		1,057 ft asl
Info	Average pitch angle 0.9 ° -2.2 ° min to max 3.8 °	3.4		-1.1 °
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0

Arrival Final 1

51.97 %

Approaching runway 23 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara Intl from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 369 ft agl to 49 ft agl. A decrease of 319 ft in 38 seconds.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
20.92 %	Approach angle 2.6 ° 1.2 ° min to max 4.1 ° Target 3.0 °	4.1		1.2 °
100 %	Average speed 81 kn 76 kn min to max 88 kn	84		82 kn
38.93 %	Heading variation 0.6 ° -1.9 ° min to max 1.7 °	1.7		0.2 °
0 %	Average bank angle 14.2 ° 0.1 ° min to max 23.2 °	22.8		4.2 °
100 %	Average g force 1.05 g 0.93 g min to max 1.25 g	1.06		0.99 g
Info	Average VSI -582 ft/m -699 ft/m min to max -306 ft/m	-544		-463 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 118 ft agl 49 ft agl min to max 369 ft agl	369		49 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle -1.4 ° -3.1 ° min to max -0.1 °	-1.9		-2.8 °

Arrival Landing

61.59 %

Landing on runway 23 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara Intl, runway length 2,693 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was well above target at 81 kn.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Threshold speed was well above target at 81 kn. Target 75 kn
0 %	Target 50 ft agl
86.36 %	Landing and flare profile
100 %	Heading variation -0.0 ° -0.2 ° min to max 0.2 °	0.2		-0.2 °
0 %	Average bank angle 1.7 ° 0.0 ° min to max 4.0 °	4.0		0.0 °
100 %	Average g force 0.98 g 0.96 g min to max 1.01 g	0.98		1.01 g
Info	Average speed 77 kn 75 kn min to max 81 kn	81		76 kn
Info	Average VSI -478 ft/m -495 ft/m min to max -463 ft/m	-463		-495 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 6 ft agl 0 ft agl min to max 11 ft agl	11		0 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle -2.8 ° -2.9 ° min to max -2.8 °	-2.8		-2.9 °

Arrival Touchdown

58.92 %

Touchdown distance was good at 38 m. Touchdown speed at 76 kn was too fast. Touchdown rate was hard at -493 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was significantly misaligned by 22.0 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 1 °C. Wind 19 kn at 239 °. Crosswind: 5 kn Headwind: 18 kn.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
2.06 %	Touchdown VSI was -493 ft/m.
100 %	Touchdown distance was 38 m Target 457 m
100 %	Speed at touchdown 76 kn Target 75 kn
0 %	Runway alignment max 21.96 m 16.28 m right	-9.59		-21.96 m
87.5 %	Average bank angle 0.5 ° 0.1 ° min to max 1.2 °	0.1		1.2 °
80.57 %	Average g force 1.21 g 1.03 g min to max 1.59 g	1.09		1.03 g
100 %	Landing Bounce
Info	Average speed 78 kn 76 kn min to max 78 kn	76		78 kn
Info	Average pitch angle -0.5 ° -2.7 ° min to max 0.1 °	-2.7		-0.2 °

Arrival Rollout

55 %

Total landing distance 168 m, 6 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was excessively misaligned by 46.7 m from centreline.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Landing distance 168 m 6 % of runway.
0 %	Runway alignment max 46.69 m 0.00 m left to 46.69 m right	-22.86		-42.34 m
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.98 g min to max 1.03 g	1.01		0.99 g
Info	Average speed 69 kn 39 kn min to max 76 kn	76		39 kn
Info	Average pitch angle -0.4 ° -1.3 ° min to max -0.2 °	-0.3		-1.3 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.3 ° 0.0 ° min to max 1.3 °	1.3		0.2 °
Info	Flaps Fully Retracted at 16:42:16

Runway Exit

Exiting runway, average speed 21 kn

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
Info	Average speed 21 kn 6 kn min to max 36 kn	29		8 kn
Info	Average pitch angle -0.6 ° -1.3 ° min to max -0.5 °	-1.3		-0.5 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.0 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.1 °	0.1		0.0 °
Info	Average g force 1.00 g 0.99 g min to max 1.00 g	0.99		1.00 g

Arrival Taxi

10 %

Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 7 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
0 %	Average speed 30 kn 0 kn min to max 46 kn	7		14 kn
0 %	Average speed turning corners 28 kn max 35 kn	0		0 kn
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.99 g min to max 1.01 g	1.00		1.00 g
Info	Average pitch angle -0.6 ° -1.9 ° min to max 1.1 °	-0.5		-0.6 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.1 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.4 °	0.0		0.0 °
Info	Battery Master On at 16:09:08
Info	Engine 1 Started at 16:09:08
Info	Landing Gear Down at 16:09:08
Info	Parking Brake On at 16:09:08
Info	Engine 2 Started at 16:09:13
Info	Parking Brake On at 16:43:33
Info	Parking Brake Off at 16:43:48
Info	Parking Brake On at 16:49:31
Info	Battery Master Off at 16:49:36
Info	Engine 1 Stopped at 16:49:36
Info	Engine 2 Stopped at 16:49:36
Info	Taxi Light OFF should be ON at 16:45:48

Takeoff on runway 26 at CYTZ Toronto\/City Centre in the DHC-4 Caribou

82.03 %

65.7 %

Taxi

Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 6 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.

Taxi Lights

100 %

Switched On

Speed

Turn Speed

71.25 %

100 %

Bank

Info

Pitch

Info

89.87 %

Takeoff Roll

Takeoff Distance

100 %

Roll distance of 910 m using 72.75 % of runway

Liftoff Speed

100 %

Liftoff speed was 79 kn - Target 72 kn

Alignment

99.33 %

0.00 m left to 0.71 m right

Bounce

100 %

No Bounce Detected

Strobe Lights

100 %

Switched On

Landing Lights

0 %

Switched Off

100 %

Speed

Info

Bank

Info

Pitch

Info

88.86 %

Climb 1

Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 26 CYTZ Toronto\/City Centre.

Heading

100 %

Speed

100 %

Bank

55.44 %

100 %

Pitch

Info

Climb Rate

Info

85.72 %

Climb 2

Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 26 CYTZ Toronto\/City Centre.

Heading

100 %

Speed

100 %

Bank

42.89 %

100 %

Pitch

Info

Climb Rate

Info

80 %

Climb 3

Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 26 CYTZ Toronto\/City Centre.

Heading

100 %

Speed

100 %

Bank

0 %

100 %

Pitch

Info

Climb Rate

Info

Landing on runway 23 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara Intl in the DHC-4 Caribou

Landing Score 56.87 %

51.97 %

Final 1

Approaching runway 23 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara Intl from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 369 ft agl to 49 ft agl. A decrease of 319 ft in 38 seconds.

Glideslope

20.92 %

Poor descent path above glideslope limit

Heading

38.93 %

Poor heading alignment

Glideslope

20.92 %

IAS

100 %

Heading

38.93 %

Bank

0 %

100 %

Descent Rate

Info

61.59 %

Landing

Landing on runway 23 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara Intl, runway length 2,693 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was well above target at 81 kn.

Height

0 %

Good threshold height. Target 50 ft agl

Speed

100 %

Threshold speed was well above target at 81 kt. Target 68 kt

Flare

86.36 %

Very good landing flare

Heading

100 %

Bank

0 %

100 %

IAS

Info

Pitch

Info

Descent Rate

Info

58.92 %

Touchdown

2.06 %

Touchdown rate was hard at -493 ft/m.

Speed

100 %

Touchdown speed at 76 kt was too fast. Target below 60 kn

Distance

100 %

Touchdown distance was good at 38 m.

Alignment

0 %

Runway touchdown position was significantly misaligned by 22.0 m from centreline.

Bank

87.5 %

Bank angle 0.5 °

80.57 %

G 1.21 g

Bounce

100 %

No Bounce Detected

55 %

Rollout

Total landing distance 168 m, 6 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was excessively misaligned by 46.7 m from centreline.

100 %

Landing distance 168 m using 6.25 % of runway

Alignment

0 %

Runway rollout alignment was excessively misaligned by 46.7 m from centreline.

100 %

IAS

Info

Bank

Info

Pitch

Info

10 %

Taxi

Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 7 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.

Landing Lights

100 %

Switched Off

Taxi Lights

-2 %

Switched Off

Speed

Turn Speed

0 %

100 %

Bank

Info

Pitch

Info

Metrics

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Departure

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Departure Climb 1

Departure Climb 2

Departure Climb 3

Enroute Climb

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Enroute Descent

Enroute Level 2

Arrival

Arrival Final 1

Arrival Landing

Arrival Touchdown

Arrival Rollout

Runway Exit

Arrival Taxi

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