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LIPB
Bolzano (BZ), Italy
Runway 01
Elevation778 ft asl
Weight3,884 kg
Fuel625 kg
Wind118° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

96.40 %
LIPZ
Venezia (VE), Italy
Runway 04L
Elevation3 ft asl
Weight3,675 kg
Fuel396 kg
Wind77° · 3 kn · 2 kn cross
9 Feb 2026 0:35 114 nm Cockspur PH100 228 kg
Departure Score
97.65 %
Enroute Score
96.76 %
Arrival Score
94.78 %

What went well

Touched down at -147 fpm — a soft arrival
Threshold crossed at 34 ft and 98 kt — both inside band
1.14 G at touchdown — inside band

What held you back

Enroute Descent — 250 kt exceeded below 10,000 ft; speed limits at 76 %, −1.08 points
Departure Climb 3 — bank angle up to 24.3 ° at 41 %, −0.78 points
Arrival Rollout — bounce at touchdown; Runway alignment max 11.89 m left at 68 %, −0.60 points
Arrival Landing — Flare profile at 47 %, −0.55 points

Next time

Departure

Use smaller, smoother aileron inputs to hold the climb bank angle near wings-level.

What happened: During Climb 3 the bank angle averaged 13°, well beyond a steady wings-level climb.

Watch for: Attitude indicator - bank angle, keeping it close to wings-level through the climb.

See Departure Climb 3

Arrive slow and the sink rate at the threshold is already above schedule, the flare is short because there is no energy to extend it, and the touchdown is hard in a way that feels exactly like a late flare. Diagnosing a slow arrival as a late flare is the catastrophic misread: you respond by flaring earlier, which bleeds more speed, which makes the next one worse. The tiebreaker is threshold speed against VRef, not feel. Never diagnose a flare without it.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 18 stages, 16 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 8 minutes and covered 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 14 kt0 kt min to max 29 kt 0 5 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 7 ktmax 11 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.8 °-1.1 ° min to max -0.4 ° -0.7 -1.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.1 0.2 °

Events

Info Engine 1 Started 4 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 4 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 4 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 4 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 4 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 4 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 4 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake On 4 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 4 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 4 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 4 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 4 ft agl · 9 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 4 ft agl · 9 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 4 ft agl · 9 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 01 at LIPB Bolzano Airport, Average speed was 6 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 6 kt5 kt min to max 6 kt 5 6 kt
Info Average pitch angle -1.0 °-1.0 ° min to max -1.0 ° -1.0 -1.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 01 at LIPB Bolzano Airport. Takeoff distance 514 m 42 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 105 kt. Local weather - Temperature 11 °C. Wind 1 kt at 117 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 0 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 514 m42 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 105 ktTarget 108 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.01 m left1.01 m left to 1.01 m right 0.31 -1.01 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.98 g min to max 1.12 g 1.00 1.12 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle -0.7 °-1.2 ° min to max 3.2 ° -1.0 3.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 0.4 °

Events

Info Parking Brake On 4 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 4 ft agl
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 01 LIPB Bolzano Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 0.2 °
100 % Average speed 116 kt106 kt min to max 123 kt 106 123 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.1 °0.4 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.4 1.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g1.01 g min to max 1.12 g 1.12 1.09 g
Info Average VSI 473 fpm256 fpm min to max 748 fpm 256 748 fpm
Info Average altitude 19 ft agl1 ft agl min to max 49 ft agl 1 49 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.3 °3.1 ° min to max 6.1 ° 3.3 6.1 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 40 ft agl · 123 kt
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 01 LIPB Bolzano Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 -0.2 °
100 % Average speed 127 kt124 kt min to max 137 kt 124 137 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.1 °0.4 ° min to max 1.9 ° 1.9 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.07 g0.98 g min to max 1.16 g 1.09 1.05 g
Info Average VSI 1,220 fpm760 fpm min to max 2,357 fpm 760 2,357 fpm
Info Average altitude 108 ft agl50 ft agl min to max 361 ft agl 50 361 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.6 °6.2 ° min to max 11.3 ° 6.2 11.3 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 216 ft agl · 134 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 253 ft agl · 135 kt
Departure Climb 3 88.26Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 01 LIPB Bolzano Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.6 °-1.8 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.2 -1.8 °
100 % Average speed 142 kt138 kt min to max 147 kt 138 147 kt
41 % Average bank angle 12.9 °0.7 ° min to max 24.3 ° 1.0 24.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.86 g min to max 1.10 g 1.06 1.10 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 2,631 fpm2,499 fpm min to max 2,747 fpm 2,499 2,709 fpm
Info Average altitude 626 ft agl403 ft agl min to max 846 ft agl 403 846 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.3 °10.5 ° min to max 12.1 ° 12.0 11.6 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead Bolzano (Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy). Climbing from 1,677 ft asl to 23,453 ft asl, an increase of 21,776 ft in 10 minutes and covering 37 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 168 kt148 kt min to max 200 kt 148 199 kt
100 % Average bank angle 13.3 °0.0 ° min to max 31.7 ° 25.5 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.88 g min to max 1.12 g 1.12 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 2,366 fpm-16 fpm min to max 3,601 fpm 2,804 1,803 fpm
Info Average altitude 11,417 ft asl1,677 ft asl min to max 23,453 ft asl 1,677 23,453 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 7.5 °-0.2 ° min to max 13.1 ° 12.0 3.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 3,901 ft agl · 174 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 4,199 ft agl · 173 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 4,354 ft agl · 172 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 7,287 ft agl · 178 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 13,937 ft agl · 235 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 13,937 ft agl · 235 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile west of Arsie (Veneto, Italy) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 10 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,688 ft of 23,990 ft asl23,755 ft asl min to max 24,026 ft asl 23,755 24,026 ft asl
100 % Average speed 229 kt199 kt min to max 253 kt 199 253 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.94 g min to max 1.06 g 0.99 0.97 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-1.0 ° min to max 3.3 ° 3.3 -0.9 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 20,981 ft agl · 319 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 20,981 ft agl · 320 kt
Enroute Descent 90.28Enroute descent started overhead Possagno (Veneto, Italy). Descent from 24,026 ft asl to 1,138 ft asl, a decrease of 22,889 ft in 13 minutes and covering 59 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
76 % Average speed 215 kt118 kt min to max 268 kt 256 122 kt
100 % Average bank angle 14.4 °0.0 ° min to max 28.2 ° 0.0 2.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.71 g min to max 1.24 g 0.94 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -1,535 fpm-3,082 fpm min to max 79 fpm 23 -161 fpm
Info Average altitude 7,275 ft asl1,138 ft asl min to max 24,027 ft asl 24,026 1,138 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -3.6 °-7.5 ° min to max 0.4 ° -1.2 0.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 9,478 ft agl
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 23,668 ft agl · 370 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 23,668 ft agl · 370 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 21,659 ft agl · 366 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 21,659 ft agl · 366 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 3,126 ft agl · 262 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 3,126 ft agl · 262 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 2,758 ft agl · 257 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Activated 2,758 ft agl · 257 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 2,709 ft agl · 225 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Deactivated 2,709 ft agl · 225 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 2,723 ft agl · 200 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 2,721 ft agl · 187 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 2,699 ft agl · 170 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 2,597 ft agl · 164 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 1,949 ft agl · 140 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 1,637 ft agl · 130 kt
Arrival Final 4 100.00Approaching runway 04L at LIPZ Venice Marco Polo Airport from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 1,132 ft agl to 1,023 ft agl. A decrease of 109 ft in 29 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 2.9 °2.7 ° min to max 3.2 °Target 3.0 ° 2.7 3.2 °
100 % Average speed 118 kt109 kt min to max 123 kt 122 109 kt
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.2 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.1 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.02 g 0.99 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -202 fpm-549 fpm min to max -67 fpm -166 -549 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,083 ft agl1,023 ft agl min to max 1,132 ft agl 1,132 1,023 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-1.8 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.1 -1.8 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 4 1,093 ft agl · 124 kt
33.253.53.7549501,0001,0501,1001,1501,2001,2501,3001,3501,4001,4501,500Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft33.253.53.754-120-90-60-300306090120Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 3 100.00Approaching runway 04L at LIPZ Venice Marco Polo Airport from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 1,013 ft agl to 729 ft agl. A decrease of 284 ft in 33 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.3 °3.2 ° min to max 3.4 °Target 3.0 ° 3.2 3.4 °
100 % Average speed 108 kt106 kt min to max 109 kt 109 108 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.0 -0.0 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.2 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.03 g 1.02 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -514 fpm-730 fpm min to max -391 fpm -567 -730 fpm
Info Average altitude 882 ft agl729 ft agl min to max 1,013 ft agl 1,013 729 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.3 °-2.4 ° min to max -0.6 ° -1.6 -2.4 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 992 ft agl · 110 kt
22.252.52.7536507007508008509009501,0001,0501,100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft22.252.52.753-100-75-50-250255075100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 2 100.00Approaching runway 04L at LIPZ Venice Marco Polo Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 717 ft agl to 369 ft agl. A decrease of 348 ft in 31 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.4 °3.3 ° min to max 3.5 °Target 3.0 ° 3.4 3.4 °
100 % Average speed 109 kt108 kt min to max 110 kt 108 108 kt
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 2.7 ° 0.4 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.10 g 0.99 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -660 fpm-857 fpm min to max -506 fpm -749 -630 fpm
Info Average altitude 545 ft agl369 ft agl min to max 717 ft agl 717 369 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.1 °-3.3 ° min to max -1.1 ° -2.5 -1.9 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Arrival Final 3 992 ft agl · 110 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 638 ft agl · 111 kt
11.251.51.752300350400450500550600650700750Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-80-60-40-20020406080Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 100.00Approaching runway 04L at LIPZ Venice Marco Polo Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 358 ft agl to 50 ft agl. A decrease of 308 ft in 29 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 2.9 °2.8 ° min to max 3.4 °Target 3.0 ° 3.4 2.9 °
100 % Average speed 101 kt99 kt min to max 108 kt 108 99 kt
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.1 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.0 ° min to max 2.8 ° 0.9 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.09 g 1.00 1.04 g
Info Average VSI -527 fpm-783 fpm min to max -458 fpm -644 -500 fpm
Info Average altitude 107 ft agl50 ft agl min to max 358 ft agl 358 50 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.7 °-2.6 ° min to max -0.1 ° -1.9 -0.1 °

Events

Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Deactivated 185 ft agl · 105 kt
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-60-45-30-15015304560Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 86.73Landing on runway 04L at LIPZ Venice Marco Polo Airport, runway length 2,772 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 99 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 99 kt. Target 98 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
47 % Very poor landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 0.11 m left0.11 m left to 0.02 m left 0.02 0.11 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.0 1.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.91 g min to max 1.10 g 1.04 0.92 g
Info Average speed 88 kt77 kt min to max 99 kt 99 77 kt
Info Average VSI -163 fpm-498 fpm min to max 52 fpm -498 -24 fpm
Info Average altitude 8 ft agl-2 ft agl min to max 42 ft agl 42 -1 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.2 °-0.2 ° min to max 4.6 ° -0.1 3.0 °
07515022530037545052560067575082590097501123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600675750825900975-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 85.97Touchdown point was 393 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 77 kt was good. Touchdown rate was perfect at -24 fpm. Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 12.1 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 11 °C. Wind 3 kt at 77 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Headwind: 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown rate was -24 fpm.
60 % Touchdown distance was 827 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 77 ktTarget below 96 kt
67 % Runway alignment max 12.12 m left12.06 m left 12.09 11.94 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.1 ° min to max 1.4 ° 1.4 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.92 g min to max 1.14 g 0.92 1.04 g
80 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 77 kt77 kt min to max 77 kt 77 77 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.2 °3.0 ° min to max 3.6 ° 3.0 3.6 °
Arrival Rollout 85.50Total landing distance 1,173 m, 42 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 11.9 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,173 m42 % of runway.
68 % Runway alignment max 11.89 m left11.89 m left to 0.12 m right 11.89 -0.12 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.90 g min to max 1.04 g 1.03 0.99 g
Info Average speed 71 kt43 kt min to max 74 kt 74 43 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °-1.3 ° min to max 4.0 ° 3.7 -1.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 0.1 °

Events

Fail Bounce during touchdown 4 ft agl · 73 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 24 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 21 kt11 kt min to max 37 kt 37 13 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.7 °-1.3 ° min to max -0.1 ° -1.3 -0.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.2 0.4 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 0.99 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 4 ft agl · 24 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 4 ft agl · 24 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 2 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 15 kt0 kt min to max 22 kt 14 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 11 ktmax 14 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.9 °-1.3 ° min to max -0.4 ° -0.8 -0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.3 0.2 °

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched Off 4 ft agl · 12 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 4 ft agl · 12 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched Off 4 ft agl · 13 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 4 ft agl · 13 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 4 ft agl · 11 kt
Info Parking Brake On 4 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 4 ft agl

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 105 kt with 2.7° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

150 kt10050020°10°0°LIFTOFF2.7° off5° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0306090120150180210240270300330360 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 6 kt -1.0° 0 s
80 kt323 m 80 kt -0.9° 335 s
Liftoff583 m · target 108 105 kt 2.7° 341 s
35 ft905 m · 5.4 s after liftoff 121 kt 5.3° 346 s
End of Climb 32,462 m · 846 ft 147 kt 11.6° 369 s

Takeoff from LIPB 01

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
803m65 %
Liftoff speed100.00
105kttarget 108, 3 slow
Runway alignment100.00
1.01m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb100.00
472fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 846 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 412 m of runway left; then climbing at 1,800 fpm on average to 846 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 105 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 1,228 m runway.

Rolled from the start of the runway, never more than 1 m off the centreline. Airborne 40 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

5001,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 1.00 m LAirborne 494 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 494 m of 1,228 m · 40 %
Takeoff roll, 494 m Left ahead, 734 m

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 500 ft
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed
Wings level

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to LIPZ 04L

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 180 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND1,1377794102121,000 ft gate7 of 71,062 ft · 117 kt500 ft gate7 of 7608 ft · 110 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 26× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 13 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR37 m L037 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND9 m L5 m R5 m L4 m L13 m L2 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 49 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 29 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between +2 kt and +26 kt on the approach speed of 97 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

100120140160 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 97+26 kt+10 kt+13 kt+8 kt+2 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on LIPZ 04L

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
34ft
Threshold speed100.00
98kttarget 97, 1 fast
Centreline offset100.00
0.11m L

Touchdown

Past threshold59.56
827m
Centreline66.92
12.12m L
Speed100.00
77kttarget 94 or less
Touchdown rate100.00
-147fpm
Impact100.00
1.14G
Bounces80.00
1
The flare46.94

Very poor landing flare

The crosswind

Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 4° right of the track, wings level.

Wind 077° at 3 kt · 3 kt head · 1 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 75 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 14 s, an average deceleration of 0.18 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608060 kt · 298 m30 kt · 400 mtouchdown416 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 34 ft, 16 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 827 m in, 522 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

34 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −147 fpm · 3° nose up · 77 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 34 ft, down at 827 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

From 40 ft the descent stopped and turned into a climb of 110 fpm before coming down at 150 fpm to touch. The nose came up 3.1° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−1°4°10°touchdown−147 fpm at touchdown3° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,772 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 12 m left of the centreline, and steered back to 0.1 m left by the end of the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 1 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 827 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 827 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The 1.14 G arrival bounced.

Runway used 1,151 m of 2,772 m · 42 %
In the air over the runway, 827 mRollout, 324 m Left over, 1,622 m
Rollout distance100.00
324m40 % used
Rollout alignment67.78
11.89m L

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The flight began with the aircraft, a Cockspur PH100, taxiing from the parking area to the runway at LIPB Bolzano Airport. This process took 8 minutes and covered a distance of 2 nautical miles. Once at the runway, the aircraft departed from runway 01, with a takeoff distance of 514 meters, which accounted for 42% of the runway. The liftoff speed was 105 knots.

As the aircraft took off, it encountered local weather conditions of 11 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 1 knot at 117 degrees. The crosswind was 1 knot, while the headwind was 0 knots. After departing from Bolzano, the aircraft began its enroute climb, which started overhead the city. The climb took the aircraft from an altitude of 1,677 feet above sea level to 23,453 feet above sea level, an increase of 21,776 feet, in just 10 minutes and covering a distance of 37 nautical miles.

Following the climb, the aircraft entered a level cruise, which started 1 mile west of Arsie, a town in the Veneto region of Italy. This phase of the flight lasted for 2 minutes and covered a distance of 10 nautical miles. The aircraft then began its enroute descent, which started overhead Possagno, another town in the Veneto region. The descent took the aircraft from an altitude of 24,026 feet above sea level to 1,138 feet above sea level, a decrease of 22,889 feet, in 13 minutes and covering a distance of 59 nautical miles.

As the aircraft approached its destination, LIPZ Venice Marco Polo Airport, it began its final approach to runway 04L from the southwest, heading at 42.0 degrees at an altitude of 1,132 feet above ground level and a distance of 4 nautical miles from the runway. The aircraft landed on runway 04L, which had a length of 2,772 meters. The threshold height was good, and the threshold speed was also satisfactory at 99 knots.

The touchdown point was 392 meters beyond the touchdown zone, and the touchdown speed was 77 knots, which was good. The touchdown rate was perfect at -24 feet per minute. However, the runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned from the centerline by 12.1 meters. The local weather conditions at the time of landing were 11 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 3 knots at 77 degrees, with a crosswind of 2 knots and a headwind of 2 knots.

The total landing distance was 1,173 meters, which accounted for 42% of the runway. The runway rollout alignment was also slightly misaligned from the centerline by 11.9 meters. After landing, the aircraft taxiied to the parking area, which took 2 minutes and covered a distance of less than 1 nautical mile. The total flight distance was 114 nautical miles, and the flight duration was 35 minutes. The aircraft used 228 kilograms of fuel during the flight.

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