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LSZB
Bern, Switzerland
Runway 32
Elevation1,670 ft asl
Weight1,266 kg
Fuel145 kg
Wind337° · 3 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

92.44 %
LSZR
St. Gallen, Switzerland
Runway 10
Elevation1,306 ft asl
Weight1,235 kg
Fuel112 kg
Wind229° · 5 kn · 4 kn cross
31 Jan 2026 0:50 96 nm Piper PA-24-250 Comanche 33 kg
Departure Score
92.03 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
85.29 %

What went well

Touched down at -153 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 395 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 50 ft and 68 kt — both inside band

What held you back

Arrival Final 3 — Approach angle 6.8 ° at 0 %, bank angle up to 7.0 ° at 89 %, −1.34 points
Arrival Final 4 — Approach angle 7.0 ° at 20 %, bank angle up to 17.1 ° at 62 %, −1.32 points
Arrival Final 2 — Approach angle 6.5 ° at 0 %, −1.25 points

Next time

Departure

Use smoother, smaller aileron inputs to keep the wings level and hold bank angle near wings-level during the climb.

What happened: During the climb, bank angle rose to 2.3°, more roll than the climb out called for.

Watch for: Attitude indicator: wings level during the climb

See Departure Climb 2

Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 21 stages, 19 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 90.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 2 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 8 kt0 kt min to max 12 kt 0 8 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 10 ktmax 11 kt 0 8 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 4.0 °2.2 ° min to max 4.7 ° 4.3 3.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.3 ° 0.1 1.3 °

Events

Fail Taxi Lights
Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Activated 3 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 3 3 ft agl · 5 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 32 at LSZB Bern Airport, Average speed was 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 6 kt0 kt min to max 27 kt 8 27 kt
Info Average pitch angle 4.1 °2.7 ° min to max 4.8 ° 4.4 4.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.4 ° min to max 1.0 ° 1.0 0.5 °
Info Average g force 0.98 g0.83 g min to max 1.05 g 1.00 0.83 g
Departure Roll 86.57Departure roll runway 32 at LSZB Bern Airport. Takeoff distance 691 m 45 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 77 kt. Local weather - Temperature 5 °C. Wind 4 kt at 336 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 4 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 691 m45 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 77 ktTarget 70 kt
90 % Runway alignment max 5.91 m left5.91 m left to 0.45 m right 3.57 5.91 m
87 % Average g force 0.43 g0.03 g min to max 1.17 g 0.81 1.17 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 3.2 °1.2 ° min to max 5.4 ° 4.7 5.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 4.2 ° 0.9 3.2 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Fail Strobe Lights
Departure Climb 1 99.29Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 32 LSZB Bern Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.7 °-0.9 ° min to max -0.5 ° -0.5 -0.9 °
100 % Average speed 79 kt77 kt min to max 80 kt 77 80 kt
97 % Average bank angle 2.0 °0.3 ° min to max 3.1 ° 3.1 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.95 g0.86 g min to max 1.29 g 1.29 0.94 g
Info Average VSI 543 fpm328 fpm min to max 660 fpm 328 660 fpm
Info Average altitude 7 ft agl-3 ft agl min to max 27 ft agl -1 27 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.5 °5.9 ° min to max 8.2 ° 5.9 7.8 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 37 ft agl · 86 kt
Departure Climb 2 92.25Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 32 LSZB Bern Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.8 °-1.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° -0.9 1.2 °
100 % Average speed 80 kt80 kt min to max 82 kt 80 82 kt
69 % Average bank angle 2.3 °0.0 ° min to max 13.8 ° 0.5 13.8 °
100 % Average g force 0.90 g0.85 g min to max 0.96 g 0.87 0.87 g
Info Average VSI 730 fpm663 fpm min to max 1,124 fpm 663 1,124 fpm
Info Average altitude 60 ft agl28 ft agl min to max 216 ft agl 28 216 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.0 °7.5 ° min to max 10.4 ° 7.8 10.1 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead Muri (Canton de Berne, Switzerland). Climbing from 2,228 ft asl to 10,739 ft asl, an increase of 8,511 ft in 12 minutes and covering 20 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 87 kt71 kt min to max 110 kt 82 84 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.6 °0.0 ° min to max 15.4 ° 14.0 3.5 °
100 % Average g force 0.90 g0.65 g min to max 1.19 g 0.92 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 737 fpm-454 fpm min to max 1,237 fpm 1,092 -109 fpm
Info Average altitude 5,636 ft asl2,228 ft asl min to max 10,807 ft asl 2,228 10,739 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 7.5 °-1.1 ° min to max 11.9 ° 9.8 6.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 498 ft agl · 84 kt
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 5,621 ft agl · 125 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles south east of Luthern (Kanton Luzern, Switzerland) and lasted 7 minutes, covering 9 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,038 ft of 11,405 ft asl10,689 ft asl min to max 12,207 ft asl 10,764 12,207 ft asl
100 % Average speed 73 kt64 kt min to max 95 kt 85 72 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.7 °0.0 ° min to max 14.1 ° 1.7 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 0.91 g0.79 g min to max 1.01 g 0.82 1.01 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 7.5 °1.7 ° min to max 9.7 ° 1.7 6.5 °
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile south of Neuenkirch (Kanton Luzern, Switzerland). Climbing from 12,242 ft asl to 15,451 ft asl, an increase of 3,209 ft in 9 minutes and covering 12 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 69 kt68 kt min to max 72 kt 71 70 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.4 °0.0 ° min to max 10.7 ° 0.4 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.91 g0.68 g min to max 1.06 g 0.84 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 359 fpm155 fpm min to max 460 fpm 194 390 fpm
Info Average altitude 13,847 ft asl12,242 ft asl min to max 15,451 ft asl 12,242 15,451 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 7.9 °6.4 ° min to max 9.0 ° 6.4 8.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 10,715 ft agl · 91 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 10,715 ft agl · 91 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,292 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,292 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,326 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,326 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,364 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,364 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,391 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,391 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,416 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,416 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,440 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,440 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,458 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,458 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,482 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,482 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,512 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,512 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,539 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,539 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,560 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,560 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,585 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,585 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,612 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,612 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,638 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,638 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,657 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,657 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,681 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,681 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,708 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,708 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,728 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,728 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,758 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,758 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,784 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,784 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,810 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,810 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,731 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,731 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,408 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,408 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,349 ft agl · 91 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,349 ft agl · 91 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,164 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,164 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,109 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,109 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,025 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,025 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 11,939 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 11,939 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 11,919 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 11,919 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 11,787 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 11,787 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 11,208 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 11,208 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 10,825 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 10,825 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 10,781 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 10,781 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 10,648 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 10,648 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 10,643 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 10,643 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 10,545 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 10,545 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 10,407 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 10,407 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 10,153 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 10,153 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 9,848 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 9,848 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 9,973 ft agl · 95 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 9,973 ft agl · 95 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 10,106 ft agl · 95 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 10,106 ft agl · 95 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 10,451 ft agl · 95 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 10,451 ft agl · 95 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 10,403 ft agl · 95 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 10,403 ft agl · 95 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 10,334 ft agl · 94 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south west of Arth (Kanton Schwyz, Switzerland) and lasted 7 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,275 ft of 15,604 ft asl15,492 ft asl min to max 15,607 ft asl 15,492 15,607 ft asl
100 % Average speed 69 kt69 kt min to max 69 kt 69 69 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.5 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.5 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 0.89 g0.89 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 0.89 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 7.7 °7.7 ° min to max 8.9 ° 8.9 7.7 °

Events

Info Engine 1 Started 9,993 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 10,363 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 10,363 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 10,827 ft agl · 94 kt
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile south west of Arth (Kanton Schwyz, Switzerland). Descent from 15,607 ft asl to 7,127 ft asl, a decrease of 8,480 ft in 7 minutes and covering 33 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 129 kt69 kt min to max 135 kt 69 133 kt
100 % Average bank angle 6.2 °0.0 ° min to max 23.1 ° 0.5 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.87 g0.62 g min to max 0.98 g 0.89 0.83 g
Info Average VSI -1,234 fpm-1,783 fpm min to max 416 fpm 416 -1,146 fpm
Info Average altitude 11,318 ft asl7,127 ft asl min to max 15,607 ft asl 15,607 7,127 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -4.0 °-6.5 ° min to max 7.7 ° 7.7 -4.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Engine 1 Started 10,827 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 13,132 ft agl · 165 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 13,132 ft agl · 165 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,936 ft agl · 163 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,936 ft agl · 163 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,742 ft agl · 163 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,742 ft agl · 163 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,665 ft agl · 162 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,665 ft agl · 162 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,632 ft agl · 162 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,632 ft agl · 162 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,459 ft agl · 162 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,459 ft agl · 162 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,380 ft agl · 161 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,380 ft agl · 161 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,373 ft agl · 160 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,373 ft agl · 160 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,214 ft agl · 160 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,214 ft agl · 160 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 12,051 ft agl · 159 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 12,051 ft agl · 159 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 11,997 ft agl · 158 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 11,997 ft agl · 158 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 11,856 ft agl · 157 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 11,856 ft agl · 157 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 11,593 ft agl · 160 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 11,593 ft agl · 160 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 11,251 ft agl · 161 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 11,251 ft agl · 161 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 11,123 ft agl · 161 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 11,123 ft agl · 161 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 10,883 ft agl · 160 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 10,883 ft agl · 160 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 10,522 ft agl · 159 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 10,522 ft agl · 159 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 10,078 ft agl · 160 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 10,078 ft agl · 160 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 9,696 ft agl · 160 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 9,474 ft agl · 160 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 8,084 ft agl · 156 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 8,062 ft agl · 155 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 8,062 ft agl · 155 kt
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Oberuzwil (Kanton St. Gallen, Switzerland) and lasted 5 minutes, covering 11 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±847 ft of 6,633 ft asl6,571 ft asl min to max 6,933 ft asl 6,933 6,625 ft asl
100 % Average speed 120 kt104 kt min to max 133 kt 133 124 kt
100 % Average bank angle 9.5 °0.0 ° min to max 22.2 ° 0.0 20.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.87 g0.69 g min to max 1.00 g 0.94 0.91 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °-4.2 ° min to max 3.3 ° -4.2 0.8 °
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started overhead Haggenschwil (Kanton St. Gallen, Switzerland). Descent from 6,624 ft asl to 3,488 ft asl, a decrease of 3,136 ft in 3 minutes and covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 117 kt93 kt min to max 127 kt 124 94 kt
100 % Average bank angle 10.1 °0.5 ° min to max 20.2 ° 20.2 11.6 °
100 % Average g force 0.88 g0.78 g min to max 0.96 g 0.86 0.95 g
Info Average VSI -938 fpm-1,617 fpm min to max -28 fpm -52 -1,416 fpm
Info Average altitude 5,500 ft asl3,488 ft asl min to max 6,624 ft asl 6,624 3,488 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -3.5 °-6.6 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.7 -6.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 3,602 ft agl · 136 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 2,541 ft agl · 107 kt
Info Flaps Position 6 1,852 ft agl · 101 kt
Arrival Final 4 68.25Approaching runway 10 at LSZR Sankt Gallen Altenrhein Airport from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 2,135 ft agl to 1,689 ft agl. A decrease of 446 ft in 20 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
20 % Approach angle 7.0 °6.9 ° min to max 7.1 °Target 3.0 ° 7.1 6.9 °
100 % Average speed 90 kt86 kt min to max 93 kt 93 86 kt
99 % Heading variation 0.6 °-0.4 ° min to max 2.1 ° 2.1 -0.4 °
62 % Average bank angle 10.0 °0.2 ° min to max 17.1 ° 0.2 3.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.87 g0.52 g min to max 0.97 g 0.82 0.87 g
Info Average VSI -1,268 fpm-1,361 fpm min to max -1,128 fpm -1,342 -1,137 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,921 ft agl1,689 ft agl min to max 2,135 ft agl 2,135 1,689 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -6.6 °-7.4 ° min to max -5.7 ° -6.5 -6.5 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 9 1,634 ft agl · 98 kt
Arrival Final 3 67.83Approaching runway 10 at LSZR Sankt Gallen Altenrhein Airport from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 1,667 ft agl to 1,172 ft agl. A decrease of 495 ft in 28 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Approach angle 6.8 °6.8 ° min to max 6.9 °Target 3.0 ° 6.8 6.8 °
100 % Average speed 77 kt71 kt min to max 85 kt 85 71 kt
100 % Heading variation 0.4 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.9 ° -0.3 0.7 °
89 % Average bank angle 3.5 °0.3 ° min to max 7.0 ° 5.0 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 0.89 g0.83 g min to max 0.98 g 0.91 0.93 g
Info Average VSI -950 fpm-1,151 fpm min to max -872 fpm -1,151 -909 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,416 ft agl1,172 ft agl min to max 1,667 ft agl 1,667 1,172 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -4.2 °-5.8 ° min to max -3.3 ° -5.8 -3.4 °
Arrival Final 2 69.89Approaching runway 10 at LSZR Sankt Gallen Altenrhein Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 1,155 ft agl to 679 ft agl. A decrease of 475 ft in 26 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Approach angle 6.5 °6.3 ° min to max 6.8 °Target 3.0 ° 6.8 6.3 °
100 % Average speed 71 kt70 kt min to max 72 kt 71 70 kt
100 % Heading variation 0.3 °0.1 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.6 0.2 °
99 % Average bank angle 1.5 °0.2 ° min to max 3.2 ° 2.5 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.87 g0.68 g min to max 0.94 g 0.88 0.70 g
Info Average VSI -1,002 fpm-1,224 fpm min to max -886 fpm -917 -932 fpm
Info Average altitude 910 ft agl679 ft agl min to max 1,155 ft agl 1,155 679 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -4.0 °-5.1 ° min to max -2.9 ° -3.7 -3.4 °
11.251.51.752600650700750800850900Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-50-38-25-13013253850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 84.35Approaching runway 10 at LSZR Sankt Gallen Altenrhein Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 666 ft agl to 299 ft agl. A decrease of 366 ft in 21 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
22 % Approach angle 4.8 °4.0 ° min to max 6.3 °Target 3.0 ° 6.3 4.0 °
100 % Average speed 68 kt68 kt min to max 70 kt 70 68 kt
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.0 °
99.9 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.0 ° min to max 3.3 ° 0.2 3.3 °
100 % Average g force 0.81 g0.52 g min to max 0.92 g 0.89 0.80 g
Info Average VSI -959 fpm-1,063 fpm min to max -865 fpm -976 -956 fpm
Info Average altitude 376 ft agl299 ft agl min to max 666 ft agl 666 299 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -3.3 °-4.8 ° min to max -1.4 ° -2.9 -3.2 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-30-23-15-7.507.5152330Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 97.01Landing on runway 10 at LSZR Sankt Gallen Altenrhein Airport, runway length 1,322 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 68 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 68 kt. Target 68 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
92 % Great landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 0.02 m right0.02 m left to 0.02 m right 0.00 -0.01 m
89 % Average bank angle 2.4 °0.0 ° min to max 6.4 ° 3.4 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.85 g0.63 g min to max 1.17 g 0.79 0.82 g
Info Average speed 60 kt50 kt min to max 68 kt 68 50 kt
Info Average VSI -354 fpm-954 fpm min to max -6 fpm -954 -82 fpm
Info Average altitude 4 ft agl-13 ft agl min to max 51 ft agl 51 -13 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.8 °-3.1 ° min to max 9.2 ° -3.1 5.2 °
07515022530037545001123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450-18-15-12-9-6-30369121518Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 99.73Touchdown distance was good at 395 m. Touchdown speed at 50 kt was good. Touchdown rate was excellent at -82 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 4 °C. Wind 5 kt at 231 °. Crosswind: 4 kt Tailwind: 3 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown rate was -82 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 395 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 50 ktTarget below 62 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 0.68 m right0.43 m right -0.27 -0.68 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.1 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.1 0.9 °
95 % Average g force 0.60 g0.31 g min to max 0.87 g 0.82 0.31 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 50 kt49 kt min to max 50 kt 50 49 kt
Info Average pitch angle 5.7 °5.2 ° min to max 5.9 ° 5.2 5.9 °
Arrival Rollout 95.26Total landing distance 974 m, 74 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 974 m74 % of runway.
92 % Runway alignment max 5.29 m right0.00 m left to 5.29 m right -0.73 -0.03 m
89 % Average g force 0.41 g0.13 g min to max 0.97 g 0.27 0.93 g
Info Average speed 53 kt32 kt min to max 61 kt 61 32 kt
Info Average pitch angle 4.5 °2.6 ° min to max 6.1 ° 6.0 4.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.9 0.0 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 6 3 ft agl · 30 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 3 ft agl · 29 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 28 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 3 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 17 kt8 kt min to max 31 kt 31 15 kt
Info Average pitch angle 4.3 °2.5 ° min to max 4.8 ° 4.1 4.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average g force 0.95 g0.82 g min to max 1.16 g 0.83 0.97 g
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 12 kt7 kt min to max 17 kt 16 7 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 10 ktmax 11 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 0.94 g0.80 g min to max 1.06 g 0.80 0.83 g
Info Average pitch angle 4.4 °4.1 ° min to max 4.6 ° 4.3 4.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.1 0.0 °

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 77 kt with 4.7° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

90 kt6030020°10°0°LIFTOFF4.7° off8° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH01020 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 21 kt 4.7° 0 s
Liftoff375 m · target 76 77 kt 4.7° 12.3 s
35 ft614 m · 5.7 s after liftoff 80 kt 7.8° 18.0 s
End of the climb1,113 m · 215 ft 82 kt 10.1° 29.8 s

Takeoff from LSZB 32

Taxi lightsFail
Off
Takeoff roll100.00
685m45 %
Liftoff speed100.00
77kttarget 76, 1 fast
Runway alignment89.56
5.91m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb99.29
543fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 215 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 601 m of runway left; then climbing at 740 fpm on average to 215 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

500 ft250 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END3040506070KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 77 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 1,528 m runway.

Rolled from 313 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 5.6 m at the widest, and lifted off 5.8 m left. Airborne 45 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

5001,0001,500THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 5.60 m LROLL 313 M INAirborne 688 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 688 m of 1,528 m · 45 %
Behind the start of the roll, 313 mTakeoff roll, 375 m Left ahead, 840 m

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: seven checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out.

Seven checks, one gate500 ft
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed
Wings level

At the 500 ft gate: glideslope more than 2° off the runway's 3°.

When the approach was stable

Never every check met at once: high all the way, no landing flap until 3.5 nm, banked until 2.3 nm, sinking too fast until 1.8 nm and left of the centreline until 1.2 nm.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to LSZR 10

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

High from 3.8 nm, where the final began, to the threshold (up to 1,850 ft over).

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

1,0002,0003,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND2,3991,578820432500 ft gate6 of 7on glideslope1,256 ft · 79 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Outside the 1° band twice; furthest 267 m left at 2.6 nm.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND162 m L21 m R15 m L7 m L14 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 36 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 22 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between −4 kt and +34 kt on the approach speed of 72 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

6080100120 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 72+23 kt+17 kt−2 kt−3 kt−4 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on LSZR 10

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
50ft
Threshold speed100.00
68kttarget 72, 4 slow
Centreline offset100.00
0.02m R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
395m
Centreline100.00
0.68m R
Speed100.00
50kttarget 71 or less
Touchdown rate100.00
-153fpm
Impact94.57
0.87G
BouncesOk
None
The flare92.33

Great landing flare

The crosswind

3 kt across from the right, which takes about 3° of crab to hold the centreline at 51 kt. Touched down with the nose 5° into wind, wings level.

Wind 229° at 5 kt · 3 kt tail · 3 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 62 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 27 s, an average deceleration of 0.06 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608060 kt · 32 m30 kt · 615 mtouchdown639 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,322 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 50 ft, close to the 50 ft target. Touched down 395 m in, 90 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,322 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

50 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −153 fpm · 5.2° nose up · 50 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 50 ft, down at 395 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

From 51 ft the descent stopped and turned into a climb of 100 fpm before coming down at 150 fpm to touch. The nose came up 8.4° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−750−1,500−4°3°10°touchdown−153 fpm at touchdown5.2° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 1,322 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline and drifted to 5 m right on the rollout, back to 0.6 m right by the end.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 3 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 395 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 395 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 959 m of 1,322 m · 73 %
In the air over the runway, 395 mRollout, 564 m Left over, 363 m
Rollout distance100.00
564m72 % used
Rollout alignment91.81
5.29m R

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The flight began with a taxiing period from the parking to the runway, which took 2 minutes and covered less than 1 nautical mile. The aircraft, a Piper PA-24-250 Comanche, then departed from runway 32 at LSZB Bern Airport. The takeoff distance was 691 meters, which accounted for 45% of the runway. The liftoff speed was 77 knots.

The local weather conditions at the time of departure were characterized by a temperature of 5°C, with a wind speed of 4 knots at 336°. This resulted in a crosswind of 1 knot and a headwind of 4 knots. The aircraft then began its enroute climb, starting overhead Muri in the Canton de Berne, Switzerland. The climb took 12 minutes and covered 20 nautical miles, with the aircraft ascending from 2,228 feet above sea level to 10,739 feet above sea level, an increase of 8,511 feet.

Following the initial climb, the aircraft entered a level cruise, starting 2 miles south-east of Luthern in the Kanton Luzern, Switzerland. This cruise lasted for 7 minutes and covered 9 nautical miles. The aircraft then began another climb, starting 1 mile south of Neuenkirch in the Kanton Luzern, Switzerland. This climb took 9 minutes and covered 12 nautical miles, with the aircraft ascending from 12,242 feet above sea level to 15,451 feet above sea level, an increase of 3,209 feet.

The aircraft then entered another level cruise, starting 1 mile south-west of Arth in the Kanton Schwyz, Switzerland. This cruise lasted for 7 minutes and covered less than 1 nautical mile. The aircraft then began its descent, starting 1 mile south-west of Arth in the Kanton Schwyz, Switzerland. The descent took 7 minutes and covered 33 nautical miles, with the aircraft descending from 15,607 feet above sea level to 7,127 feet above sea level, a decrease of 8,480 feet.

The aircraft then entered another level cruise, starting overhead Oberuzwil in the Kanton St. Gallen, Switzerland. This cruise lasted for 5 minutes and covered 11 nautical miles. The aircraft then began its final descent, starting overhead Haggenschwil in the Kanton St. Gallen, Switzerland. The descent took 3 minutes and covered 6 nautical miles, with the aircraft descending from 6,624 feet above sea level to 3,488 feet above sea level, a decrease of 3,136 feet.

The aircraft then began its final approach to runway 10 at LSZR Sankt Gallen Altenrhein Airport, approaching from the west at a heading of 112.0°. The local weather conditions at the time of landing were characterized by a temperature of 4°C, with a wind speed of 5 knots at 231°. This resulted in a crosswind of 4 knots and a tailwind of 3 knots.

The landing was successful, with a touchdown speed of 50 knots and a touchdown rate of -82 feet per minute. The runway touchdown alignment was perfect, and the runway rollout alignment was very good. The total landing distance was 974 meters, which accounted for 74% of the runway. The aircraft then taxied to the parking, which took less than 1 minute and covered less than 1 nautical mile.

The total flight distance was 96 nautical miles, and the flight took 50 minutes. The aircraft used 33 kilograms of fuel during the flight.

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