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LIKO
Italy
Runway 21
Elevation105 ft asl
Weight1,060 kg
Fuel140 kg
Wind96° · 2 kn · 2 kn cross

Flight Score

93.42 %
LIPK
Forlì (FC), Italy
Runway 30
Elevation92 ft asl
Weight1,040 kg
Fuel120 kg
21 Sep 2025 0:45 62 nm Tecnam P2006T MKII 20 kg
Departure Score
97.82 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
82.44 %

What went well

Touched down at -120 fpm — a soft arrival
Straight touchdown — 1.23 m off the centreline, no bounce
1.12 G at touchdown — inside band

What held you back

Arrival Final 2 — Approach angle 4.2 ° at 0 %, −1.71 points
Arrival Final 4 — Approach angle 3.8 ° at 27 %, Heading variation -4.4 ° at 78 %, −1.34 points
Arrival Final 3 — Approach angle 4.0 ° at 29 %, Heading variation -3.2 ° at 85 %, −1.27 points

Next time

Departure

Use smaller, smoother aileron inputs to hold the climb bank angle near wings-level.

What happened: During Climb 3 the bank angle averaged 5.5°, well beyond a steady wings-level climb.

Watch for: Attitude indicator - bank angle, keeping it close to wings-level through the climb.

See Departure Climb 3

Arrival

Lower the nose and reduce power to re-establish a shallower descent on final toward 3°.

What happened: On final, the approach angle ran at 4.2° against a target of 3°, 1.2° steep.

Watch for: Watch the VSI and approach angle indication against 3° on final.

See Arrival Final 2

Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 20 stages, 19 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 21 at LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni, Average speed was 18 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 19 kt0 kt min to max 35 kt 0 35 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.3 °0.9 ° min to max 1.5 ° 1.2 1.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.3 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 1.00 g

Events

Info Battery Master On 1 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 1 ft agl
Info Engine 2 Started 1 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 1 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 1 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 1 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 1 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 1 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 1 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 1 ft agl
Departure Roll 99.12Departure roll runway 21 at LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni. Takeoff distance 315 m 46 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 67 kt. Local weather - Temperature 25 °C. Wind 2 kt at 95 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Tailwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 315 m46 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 67 ktTarget 60 kt
96 % Runway alignment max 4.26 m right0.21 m left to 4.26 m right -3.95 0.21 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.14 g 1.00 1.14 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 1.9 °1.2 ° min to max 7.7 ° 1.5 7.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.3 0.7 °
Departure Climb 1 98.82Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 21 LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average speed 69 kt67 kt min to max 69 kt 67 69 kt
95 % Average bank angle 1.8 °0.0 ° min to max 3.8 ° 0.9 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.97 g min to max 1.20 g 1.16 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 623 fpm442 fpm min to max 684 fpm 442 683 fpm
Info Average altitude 23 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 51 ft agl 0 51 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.3 °8.0 ° min to max 10.1 ° 8.0 9.4 °
Departure Climb 2 99.59Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 21 LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
98 % Heading variation 0.7 °0.1 ° min to max 2.1 ° 0.1 2.1 °
100 % Average speed 71 kt69 kt min to max 81 kt 69 81 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 2.0 ° 0.9 1.9 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.87 g min to max 1.07 g 0.98 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 706 fpm550 fpm min to max 914 fpm 683 735 fpm
Info Average altitude 127 ft agl51 ft agl min to max 417 ft agl 51 417 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.4 °8.3 ° min to max 10.2 ° 9.4 9.6 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 62 ft agl · 71 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 316 ft agl · 76 kt
Departure Climb 3 93.76Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 21 LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 1.8 °0.7 ° min to max 2.2 ° 2.2 0.7 °
100 % Average speed 80 kt79 kt min to max 82 kt 82 80 kt
69 % Average bank angle 5.5 °0.4 ° min to max 13.8 ° 2.7 13.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.90 g min to max 1.03 g 1.01 1.02 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 966 fpm764 fpm min to max 1,152 fpm 764 948 fpm
Info Average altitude 590 ft agl430 ft agl min to max 742 ft agl 430 742 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.2 °9.9 ° min to max 12.3 ° 9.9 11.2 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile south west of LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Climbing from 870 ft asl to 1,086 ft asl, an increase of 217 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 82 kt79 kt min to max 91 kt 80 91 kt
100 % Average bank angle 14.2 °12.8 ° min to max 14.8 ° 14.5 12.8 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.93 g min to max 1.03 g 1.02 1.03 g
Info Average VSI 706 fpm177 fpm min to max 999 fpm 971 177 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,003 ft asl870 ft asl min to max 1,086 ft asl 870 1,086 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 8.8 °4.4 ° min to max 11.5 ° 11.3 4.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south of LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni (Emilia-Romagna, Italy) and lasted 5 minutes, covering 8 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±554 ft of 1,125 ft asl1,035 ft asl min to max 1,208 ft asl 1,090 1,143 ft asl
100 % Average speed 122 kt93 kt min to max 130 kt 93 126 kt
100 % Average bank angle 5.2 °0.0 ° min to max 15.8 ° 13.3 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.82 g min to max 1.11 g 1.05 1.01 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.5 °-0.9 ° min to max 8.1 ° 4.9 1.4 °

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched Off 1,082 ft agl · 126 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 982 ft agl · 133 kt
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started 3 miles south of LINN Aviosuperficie Molinella Molinella (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Climbing from 1,145 ft asl to 9,950 ft asl, an increase of 8,806 ft in 11 minutes and covering 11 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 99 kt73 kt min to max 126 kt 126 80 kt
100 % Average bank angle 5.5 °0.0 ° min to max 24.4 ° 0.9 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.82 g min to max 1.20 g 1.02 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 689 fpm-20 fpm min to max 1,330 fpm 80 665 fpm
Info Average altitude 4,525 ft asl1,145 ft asl min to max 9,950 ft asl 1,145 9,950 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.4 °0.8 ° min to max 11.7 ° 1.5 8.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched On 1,250 ft agl · 124 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 1,250 ft agl · 124 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 1,250 ft agl · 124 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 1,283 ft agl · 122 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles north of LIVO Campo di Volo Ali Filanti Voltana (Emilia-Romagna, Italy) and lasted 9 minutes, covering 17 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,002 ft of 10,310 ft asl9,886 ft asl min to max 10,336 ft asl 10,036 9,886 ft asl
100 % Average speed 110 kt82 kt min to max 123 kt 82 123 kt
100 % Average bank angle 5.7 °0.0 ° min to max 20.1 ° 2.0 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.82 g min to max 1.11 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.9 °-1.5 ° min to max 7.0 ° 6.7 -1.1 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 10,130 ft agl · 99 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 10,130 ft agl · 99 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 10,328 ft agl · 132 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 10,328 ft agl · 132 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 10,309 ft agl · 132 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 10,309 ft agl · 132 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 10,315 ft agl · 132 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 10,315 ft agl · 132 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 10,288 ft agl · 134 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 10,288 ft agl · 134 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 10,291 ft agl · 134 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 10,291 ft agl · 134 kt
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles south of Russi (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Descent from 9,772 ft asl to 4,104 ft asl, a decrease of 5,668 ft in 9 minutes and covering 9 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 123 kt109 kt min to max 130 kt 123 109 kt
100 % Average bank angle 16.6 °0.0 ° min to max 25.5 ° 0.0 22.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.88 g min to max 1.30 g 0.98 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -664 fpm-928 fpm min to max -35 fpm -763 -68 fpm
Info Average altitude 6,013 ft asl4,104 ft asl min to max 9,772 ft asl 9,772 4,104 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.3 °-2.2 ° min to max 1.8 ° -1.6 1.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 4,054 ft agl · 124 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 4,054 ft agl · 124 kt
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south west of Forli (Emilia-Romagna, Italy) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±705 ft of 4,092 ft asl3,914 ft asl min to max 4,110 ft asl 4,101 3,914 ft asl
100 % Average speed 105 kt100 kt min to max 114 kt 109 114 kt
100 % Average bank angle 12.9 °0.2 ° min to max 23.4 ° 22.5 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.91 g min to max 1.17 g 1.01 0.93 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.6 °-2.4 ° min to max 3.7 ° 0.9 -2.1 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 4,015 ft agl · 112 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 4,015 ft agl · 112 kt
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile west of Forlimpopoli (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Descent from 3,804 ft asl to 2,648 ft asl, a decrease of 1,157 ft in 2 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 117 kt114 kt min to max 125 kt 114 125 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.8 °0.2 ° min to max 6.2 ° 1.1 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.91 g min to max 1.21 g 0.91 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -702 fpm-871 fpm min to max -566 fpm -578 -871 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,260 ft asl2,648 ft asl min to max 3,804 ft asl 3,804 2,648 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.3 °-2.9 ° min to max -0.8 ° -2.3 -2.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 2,595 ft agl · 131 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 2,595 ft agl · 131 kt
Enroute Level 4 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles east of Forlimpopoli (Emilia-Romagna, Italy) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±629 ft of 2,560 ft asl2,540 ft asl min to max 2,603 ft asl 2,580 2,572 ft asl
100 % Average speed 94 kt90 kt min to max 124 kt 124 94 kt
100 % Average bank angle 13.4 °0.0 ° min to max 23.2 ° 0.4 13.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.86 g min to max 1.24 g 0.96 0.97 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.3 °-1.6 ° min to max 4.4 ° -0.9 1.0 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 2,485 ft agl · 117 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 2,484 ft agl · 116 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 2,483 ft agl · 100 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 2,483 ft agl · 100 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 2,458 ft agl · 98 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 2,458 ft agl · 98 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,458 ft agl · 98 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Deactivated 2,458 ft agl · 98 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 2,455 ft agl · 99 kt
Enroute Descent 3 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile north west of Cesena (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Descent from 2,571 ft asl to 1,817 ft asl, a decrease of 754 ft in 2 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 99 kt93 kt min to max 104 kt 95 102 kt
100 % Average bank angle 3.2 °0.0 ° min to max 12.3 ° 12.3 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.86 g min to max 1.10 g 1.06 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -590 fpm-1,257 fpm min to max 177 fpm 18 -1,220 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,237 ft asl1,817 ft asl min to max 2,575 ft asl 2,571 1,817 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.2 °-6.3 ° min to max 3.0 ° 1.8 -5.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 4 75.83Approaching runway 30 at LIPK Forlì Airport from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 1,687 ft agl to 1,225 ft agl. A decrease of 462 ft in 36 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
27 % Approach angle 3.8 °3.8 ° min to max 4.0 °Target 3.0 ° 4.0 3.8 °
100 % Average speed 94 kt91 kt min to max 101 kt 101 92 kt
78 % Heading variation -4.4 °-4.8 ° min to max -4.0 ° -4.8 -4.0 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.1 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.6 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.95 g min to max 1.08 g 1.01 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -792 fpm-1,148 fpm min to max -433 fpm -1,148 -435 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,422 ft agl1,225 ft agl min to max 1,687 ft agl 1,687 1,225 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -3.1 °-5.0 ° min to max -1.0 ° -4.8 -1.6 °
33.253.53.7541,1501,2001,2501,3001,3501,4001,4501,5001,5501,6001,650Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft33.253.53.754-880-660-440-2200220440660880Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 3 77.07Approaching runway 30 at LIPK Forlì Airport from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 1,218 ft agl to 903 ft agl. A decrease of 315 ft in 35 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
29 % Approach angle 4.0 °3.8 ° min to max 4.2 °Target 3.0 ° 3.8 4.2 °
100 % Average speed 92 kt88 kt min to max 93 kt 92 88 kt
85 % Heading variation -3.2 °-4.0 ° min to max -2.2 ° -4.0 -2.2 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 2.0 ° 0.0 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.05 g 0.98 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -520 fpm-639 fpm min to max -434 fpm -449 -615 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,057 ft agl903 ft agl min to max 1,218 ft agl 1,218 903 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.7 °-2.4 ° min to max -0.8 ° -1.7 -2.2 °
22.252.52.7538509009501,0001,0501,1001,1501,200Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft22.252.52.753-560-420-280-1400140280420560Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 2 69.30Approaching runway 30 at LIPK Forlì Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 881 ft agl to 442 ft agl. A decrease of 438 ft in 39 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Approach angle 4.2 °4.2 ° min to max 4.3 °Target 3.0 ° 4.2 4.2 °
100 % Average speed 89 kt88 kt min to max 91 kt 88 90 kt
99 % Heading variation -0.8 °-2.1 ° min to max 0.1 ° -2.1 0.1 °
97 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.1 ° min to max 4.2 ° 0.6 2.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.07 g 0.99 1.03 g
Info Average VSI -674 fpm-847 fpm min to max -501 fpm -660 -841 fpm
Info Average altitude 673 ft agl442 ft agl min to max 881 ft agl 881 442 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -3.0 °-4.5 ° min to max -2.0 ° -2.6 -4.1 °
11.251.51.752400450500550600650700750800850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-220-165-110-55055110165220Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 91.59Approaching runway 30 at LIPK Forlì Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 429 ft agl to 37 ft agl. A decrease of 392 ft in 30 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
60 % Approach angle 2.8 °2.1 ° min to max 4.1 °Target 3.0 ° 4.1 2.1 °
100 % Average speed 89 kt86 kt min to max 94 kt 91 86 kt
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.1 °
98 % Average bank angle 1.5 °0.0 ° min to max 4.1 ° 2.2 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.95 g min to max 1.15 g 1.02 0.98 g
Info Average VSI -721 fpm-945 fpm min to max -513 fpm -814 -513 fpm
Info Average altitude 112 ft agl37 ft agl min to max 429 ft agl 429 37 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.0 °-4.2 ° min to max -0.9 ° -3.6 -1.2 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-50-38-25-13013253850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 85.16Landing on runway 30 at LIPK Forlì Airport, runway length 2,403 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was too high at 86 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
90 % Threshold speed was too high at 86 kt. Target 70 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
54 % Poor landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 0.05 m left0.05 m left to 0.01 m left 0.03 0.02 m
91 % Average bank angle 1.6 °0.0 ° min to max 5.8 ° 0.6 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.91 g min to max 1.25 g 0.98 0.98 g
Info Average speed 72 kt58 kt min to max 86 kt 86 58 kt
Info Average VSI -129 fpm-531 fpm min to max 50 fpm -513 -72 fpm
Info Average altitude 9 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 34 ft agl 34 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.7 °-1.4 ° min to max 7.0 ° -1.2 6.3 °
07515022530037545052560067575082501123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600675750825-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 95.68Touchdown point was 282 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 58 kt was good. Touchdown rate was excellent at -72 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 28 °C. Wind 4 kt at 21 °. Crosswind: 4 kt Headwind: 0 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown rate was -72 fpm.
71 % Touchdown distance was 720 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 58 ktTarget below 69 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.44 m left1.37 m left 1.40 1.23 m
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.3 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.3 1.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.07 g0.98 g min to max 1.12 g 0.98 1.04 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 57 kt57 kt min to max 58 kt 58 57 kt
Info Average pitch angle 6.0 °5.6 ° min to max 6.3 ° 6.3 5.6 °

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 67 kt with 7.5° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

90 kt6030020°10°0°LIFTOFF7.5° off10° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 33 kt 1.5° 0 s
Liftoff313 m · target 60 67 kt 7.5° 11.2 s
35 ft442 m · 3.5 s after liftoff 69 kt 9.6° 14.7 s
End of Climb 32,504 m · 742 ft 80 kt 11.2° 66 s

Takeoff from LIKO 21

Takeoff roll100.00
456m67 %
Liftoff speed100.00
67kttarget 60, 7 fast
Runway alignment95.60
4.26m R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb98.82
623fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 742 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 94 m of runway left; then climbing at 810 fpm on average to 742 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

750 ft375 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 67 ktSCALE CHANGES2.0 km past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 678 m runway.

Rolled from 141 m in, drifted 4.2 m right of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 67 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

100200300400500600THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS2 kn75 %widest 4.25 m RROLL 141 M INAirborne 454 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 454 m of 678 m · 67 %
Behind the start of the roll, 141 mTakeoff roll, 313 m Left ahead, 223 m

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 500 ft
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed
Wings level

At the 1,000 ft gate: centreline more than 1° off.

At the 500 ft gate: centreline more than 1° off.

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 1.3 to 0.7 nm, then not again: fast from 0.7 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to LIPK 30

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 490 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND1,8069535192751,000 ft gate6 of 7on centreline1,317 ft · 93 kt500 ft gate6 of 7on centreline767 ft · 89 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 748 m right of the centreline, then inside the band from 1.3 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND748 m R214 m R0 m L2 m L526 m R102 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 38 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 23 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band from 4 nm to 0.7 nm, then fast to the threshold (up to +18 kt).

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

80100120140 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 76+26 kt+14 kt+15 kt+15 kt+10 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on LIPK 30

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
33ft
Threshold speed90.23
85kttarget 76, 9 fast
Centreline offset100.00
0.05m L

Touchdown

Past threshold71.23
720m
Centreline100.00
1.44m L
Speed100.00
57kttarget 73 or less
Touchdown rate100.00
-120fpm
Impact100.00
1.12G
BouncesOk
None
The flare54.05

Poor landing flare

The crosswind

No wind recorded: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 3° right of the track, wings level.

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 33 ft, 17 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 720 m in, 416 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

33 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −120 fpm · 6.3° nose up · 58 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 33 ft, down at 720 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

From 34 ft the descent stopped and turned into a climb of 180 fpm before coming down at 120 fpm to touch. The nose came up 7.5° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−2°4°10°touchdown−120 fpm at touchdown6.3° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,403 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 720 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 720 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 720 m of 2,403 m · 30 %
In the air over the runway, 720 mRollout, 0 m Left over, 1,682 m

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The Tecnam P2006T MKII took off from runway 21 at LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni Airport. After a moderate takeoff roll of 315 meters, which represented 46% of the available runway length, the aircraft lifted off the ground at a speed of 67 knots.

The initial climb took place 1 mile south-west of the airport, reaching a height of 1,086 feet above sea level. This marked an impressive increase of 217 feet in less than 1 minute, covering a mere 1 nautical mile. Following the initial climb, the aircraft transitioned into a cruise at 1 mile south of LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni Airport, where it remained level for 5 minutes, covering a distance of 8 nautical miles.

The flight continued with a significant climb from 1,145 feet to 9,950 feet above sea level, involving an increase of 8,806 feet in 11 minutes and covering 11 nautical miles. After this, a level cruise was maintained 2 miles north of LIVO Campo di Volo Ali Filanti Voltana for 9 minutes, covering 17 nautical miles.

As the aircraft descended from the previous cruise, it dropped from 9,772 feet to 4,104 feet above sea level, a decrease of 5,668 feet in 9 minutes and covering 9 nautical miles. Following this, the aircraft entered another level cruise phase when flying 1 mile south-west of Forli for 2 minutes, covering a distance of 3 nautical miles.

The descent from 4,104 feet to 2,648 feet above sea level took place from 1 mile west of Forlimpopoli, involving a decrease of 1,157 feet in 2 minutes and covering 4 nautical miles. The flight then transitioned into another level cruise phase 2 miles east of Forlimpopoli for 3 minutes, covering a distance of 2 nautical miles.

Subsequent to the cruise phase, the aircraft descended from 2,571 feet to 1,817 feet above sea level when flying 1 mile north-west of Cesena, involving a decrease of 754 feet in 2 minutes, covering a distance of 3 nautical miles.

The final approach was initiated from the east to runway 30 at LIPK Forlì Airport, with the aircraft at an altitude of 1,687 feet above ground level. The aircraft then landed on the runway, where the runway length was 2,403 meters, and good threshold height was achieved. However, the threshold speed was slightly too high at 86 knots.

Upon touchdown, the aircraft touched down at a distance of 280 meters beyond the touchdown zone, with a touchdown speed of 58 knots, which was considered good, and a descent rate of 72 feet per minute, which was excellent. The runway touchdown alignment was also perfect. The local temperature at the time of landing was 28 degrees Celsius, with a headwind of 0 knots and a crosswind of 4 knots.

Throughout the flight, the aircraft covered a total distance of 62 nautical miles, taking a total time of 45 minutes and consuming 20 kilograms of fuel.

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