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LIKO
Italy
Runway 21
Elevation105 ft asl
Weight1,064 kg
Fuel140 kg
Wind261° · 3 kn · 2 kn cross

Flight Score

99.08 %
LIPK
Forlì (FC), Italy
Runway 30
Elevation92 ft asl
Weight1,047 kg
Fuel122 kg
Wind112° · 5 kn
23 Sep 2025 0:36 51 nm Tecnam P2006T MKII 18 kg
Departure Score
97.29 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
99.96 %

What went well

Touched down at -75 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 474 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 37 ft and 81 kt — both inside band

What held you back

Departure Roll — Liftoff speed was 71 kt at 86 %, Runway alignment max 6.40 m right at 88 %, −0.44 points
Departure Climb 3 — bank angle up to 11.9 ° at 74 %, −0.43 points

Next time

Departure

Use smaller, smoother aileron inputs to hold the climb bank angle near wings-level.

What happened: During Climb 3 the bank angle averaged 3.2°, well beyond a steady wings-level climb.

Watch for: Attitude indicator - bank angle, keeping it close to wings-level through the climb.

See Departure Climb 3

A typical trainer rotates in the mid-50s of knots - a 172 at around 55 KIAS, climbing out at a Vy in the low 70s, though check your own POH rather than memorising Cessna's numbers - and the transferable rule is that Vr sits just above the stall speed in takeoff configuration. Rotate early because "it felt ready" and the aircraft lifts off inside ground effect, where induced drag is reduced, then climbs out of it into more drag. On a marginal-performance day the result is an aircraft that lifts off and then refuses to climb, sagging back towards the runway.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 18 stages, 17 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 21 at LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni, Average speed was 20 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 20 kt0 kt min to max 40 kt 6 40 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.5 °1.0 ° min to max 2.2 ° 1.3 1.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.3 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.01 g

Events

Info Navigation Lights Switched Off 1 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 1 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 1 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 1 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 1 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 1 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 1 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 1 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched Off 1 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 1 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Roll 94.74Departure roll runway 21 at LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni. Takeoff distance 266 m 39 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 71 kt. Local weather - Temperature 21 °C. Wind 3 kt at 261 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Headwind: 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 266 m39 % of runway
86 % Liftoff speed was 71 ktTarget 60 kt
88 % Runway alignment max 6.40 m right0.00 m left to 6.40 m right -3.78 -6.40 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.15 g 1.00 1.15 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 1.8 °1.1 ° min to max 7.0 ° 1.7 7.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.1 0.8 °
Departure Climb 1 99.62Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 21 LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.7 °0.4 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.8 0.4 °
100 % Average speed 72 kt71 kt min to max 72 kt 71 72 kt
98 % Average bank angle 2.0 °0.9 ° min to max 2.6 ° 0.9 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.12 g1.01 g min to max 1.28 g 1.19 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 774 fpm519 fpm min to max 978 fpm 519 978 fpm
Info Average altitude 23 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 52 ft agl 0 52 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.6 °7.5 ° min to max 12.0 ° 7.5 11.7 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 41 ft agl · 72 kt
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 21 LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-1.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 -0.8 °
100 % Average speed 72 kt71 kt min to max 77 kt 72 77 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 1.9 ° 1.0 1.3 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.87 g min to max 1.07 g 1.00 1.07 g
Info Average VSI 964 fpm860 fpm min to max 1,022 fpm 986 869 fpm
Info Average altitude 128 ft agl53 ft agl min to max 397 ft agl 53 397 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.9 °9.2 ° min to max 11.8 ° 11.6 11.8 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 351 ft agl · 76 kt
Departure Climb 3 94.81Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 21 LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.6 °-1.4 ° min to max -0.3 ° -0.6 -1.4 °
100 % Average speed 81 kt77 kt min to max 83 kt 77 81 kt
74 % Average bank angle 3.2 °0.5 ° min to max 11.9 ° 0.5 11.9 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.85 g min to max 1.09 g 0.98 1.00 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 1,064 fpm788 fpm min to max 1,268 fpm 948 1,030 fpm
Info Average altitude 642 ft agl413 ft agl min to max 858 ft agl 413 858 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.4 °9.1 ° min to max 12.7 ° 11.5 11.2 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile south west of LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Climbing from 1,003 ft asl to 1,048 ft asl, an increase of 46 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 81 kt81 kt min to max 82 kt 81 82 kt
100 % Average bank angle 16.0 °14.3 ° min to max 17.2 ° 14.3 17.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 0.99 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 953 fpm895 fpm min to max 1,005 fpm 1,005 895 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,026 ft asl1,003 ft asl min to max 1,048 ft asl 1,003 1,048 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 10.2 °9.6 ° min to max 10.7 ° 10.7 9.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south of LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni (Emilia-Romagna, Italy) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±553 ft of 1,141 ft asl1,029 ft asl min to max 1,229 ft asl 1,062 1,036 ft asl
100 % Average speed 119 kt82 kt min to max 129 kt 82 127 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.8 °0.0 ° min to max 23.2 ° 17.0 1.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.65 g min to max 1.14 g 0.93 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.7 °-1.6 ° min to max 8.0 ° 8.0 1.9 °

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched Off 1,053 ft agl · 120 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 1,055 ft agl · 121 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 1,056 ft agl · 121 kt
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile north east of Medicina-Buda (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Climbing from 1,038 ft asl to 3,850 ft asl, an increase of 2,812 ft in 3 minutes and covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 115 kt81 kt min to max 130 kt 127 84 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 3.0 ° 1.7 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.11 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 657 fpm-215 fpm min to max 1,120 fpm 119 807 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,549 ft asl1,011 ft asl min to max 3,850 ft asl 1,038 3,850 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 4.9 °0.4 ° min to max 10.8 ° 2.0 9.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched On 1,077 ft agl · 129 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 1,077 ft agl · 129 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 1,077 ft agl · 129 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 1,077 ft agl · 129 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead LIHC Campo di Volo Delta club Conselice Conselice (Emilia-Romagna, Italy) and lasted 16 minutes, covering 26 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±699 ft of 3,999 ft asl3,742 ft asl min to max 4,026 ft asl 3,984 3,742 ft asl
100 % Average speed 124 kt85 kt min to max 128 kt 85 128 kt
100 % Average bank angle 7.5 °0.0 ° min to max 24.4 ° 0.2 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.93 g min to max 1.14 g 0.93 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.3 °-0.4 ° min to max 7.9 ° 7.9 -0.1 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3,937 ft agl · 134 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 3,920 ft agl · 133 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 3,920 ft agl · 133 kt
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started overhead Forlimpopoli (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Descent from 3,721 ft asl to 3,244 ft asl, a decrease of 478 ft in 2 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 127 kt125 kt min to max 128 kt 128 126 kt
100 % Average bank angle 5.0 °0.2 ° min to max 10.2 ° 6.8 1.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.96 g min to max 1.03 g 1.03 0.96 g
Info Average VSI -304 fpm-348 fpm min to max -267 fpm -341 -267 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,576 ft asl3,244 ft asl min to max 3,721 ft asl 3,721 3,244 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °-0.5 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.1 -0.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north west of Cesena (Emilia-Romagna, Italy) and lasted 5 minutes, covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±659 ft of 2,976 ft asl2,569 ft asl min to max 3,188 ft asl 3,188 2,569 ft asl
100 % Average speed 116 kt97 kt min to max 128 kt 126 102 kt
100 % Average bank angle 12.1 °0.0 ° min to max 21.0 ° 0.6 4.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.82 g min to max 1.16 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °-2.3 ° min to max 2.2 ° 0.4 -2.3 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 2,920 ft agl · 135 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 2,920 ft agl · 135 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 2,904 ft agl · 125 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 2,904 ft agl · 125 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,904 ft agl · 125 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 2,876 ft agl · 123 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 2,877 ft agl · 122 kt
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started overhead Cesena (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Descent from 2,458 ft asl to 1,379 ft asl, a decrease of 1,078 ft in 2 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 106 kt103 kt min to max 108 kt 104 105 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.1 ° min to max 3.6 ° 0.2 1.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.91 g min to max 1.08 g 1.03 0.97 g
Info Average VSI -711 fpm-1,068 fpm min to max -382 fpm -524 -691 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,765 ft asl1,379 ft asl min to max 2,458 ft asl 2,458 1,379 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.8 °-4.2 ° min to max -1.5 ° -1.6 -3.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 1,663 ft agl · 108 kt
Arrival Final 4 100.00Approaching runway 30 at LIPK Forlì Airport from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 1,275 ft agl to 947 ft agl. A decrease of 328 ft in 31 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 2.9 °2.9 ° min to max 3.0 °Target 3.0 ° 3.0 3.0 °
100 % Average speed 104 kt101 kt min to max 106 kt 105 101 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.2 °-0.4 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.4 -0.0 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 2.2 ° 0.1 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.05 g 1.00 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -615 fpm-881 fpm min to max -395 fpm -725 -509 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,087 ft agl947 ft agl min to max 1,275 ft agl 1,275 947 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.5 °-4.1 ° min to max -1.2 ° -3.8 -2.0 °
33.253.53.7548509009501,0001,0501,1001,1501,2001,2501,3001,3501,4001,4501,500Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft33.253.53.754-110-83-55-280285583110Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 3 100.00Approaching runway 30 at LIPK Forlì Airport from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 939 ft agl to 677 ft agl. A decrease of 262 ft in 33 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.1 °3.0 ° min to max 3.2 °Target 3.0 ° 3.0 3.2 °
100 % Average speed 99 kt98 kt min to max 101 kt 101 100 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.5 ° 0.9 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -463 fpm-561 fpm min to max -371 fpm -498 -521 fpm
Info Average altitude 813 ft agl677 ft agl min to max 939 ft agl 939 677 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.7 °-2.4 ° min to max -1.2 ° -2.0 -1.9 °
22.252.52.7536006507007508008509009501,0001,0501,100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft22.252.52.753-90-68-45-23023456890Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 2 99.86Approaching runway 30 at LIPK Forlì Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 669 ft agl to 306 ft agl. A decrease of 363 ft in 33 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.2 °2.8 ° min to max 3.3 °Target 3.0 ° 3.2 2.8 °
100 % Average speed 96 kt88 kt min to max 102 kt 100 89 kt
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.1 °
99 % Average bank angle 1.1 °0.0 ° min to max 3.2 ° 2.7 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.86 g min to max 1.15 g 1.01 1.05 g
Info Average VSI -635 fpm-928 fpm min to max -417 fpm -504 -627 fpm
Info Average altitude 500 ft agl306 ft agl min to max 669 ft agl 669 306 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -3.3 °-6.0 ° min to max -1.6 ° -1.8 -2.3 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 531 ft agl · 105 kt
11.251.51.752250300350400450500550600650700Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-70-53-35-18018355370Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 100.00Approaching runway 30 at LIPK Forlì Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 298 ft agl to 40 ft agl. A decrease of 257 ft in 33 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 2.9 °2.5 ° min to max 3.2 °Target 3.0 ° 2.8 2.5 °
100 % Average speed 83 kt81 kt min to max 87 kt 87 82 kt
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 2.5 ° 0.0 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.12 g 1.02 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -557 fpm-639 fpm min to max -238 fpm -536 -624 fpm
Info Average altitude 101 ft agl40 ft agl min to max 298 ft agl 298 40 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.6 °-3.2 ° min to max -0.3 ° -2.0 -2.6 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-50-38-25-13013253850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 100.00Landing on runway 30 at LIPK Forlì Airport, runway length 2,403 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was well above target at 82 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was well above target at 82 kt. Target 70 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
100 % Perfect landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 0.03 m left0.03 m left to 0.02 m left 0.02 0.03 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.3 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.93 g min to max 1.13 g 1.01 0.99 g
Info Average speed 70 kt60 kt min to max 82 kt 82 60 kt
Info Average VSI -225 fpm-623 fpm min to max -56 fpm -623 -62 fpm
Info Average altitude 10 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 38 ft agl 38 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.1 °-2.6 ° min to max 4.8 ° -2.6 4.8 °
07515022530037545052501123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 99.91Touchdown distance was good at 474 m. Touchdown speed at 60 kt was good. Touchdown rate was excellent at -62 fpm. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 3.2 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 23 °C. Wind 5 kt at 112 °. Crosswind: 0 kt Tailwind: 5 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown rate was -62 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 474 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 60 ktTarget below 69 kt
99 % Runway alignment max 3.22 m left3.07 m left 3.22 2.90 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.6 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.99 g min to max 1.08 g 0.99 1.04 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 59 kt59 kt min to max 60 kt 60 59 kt
Info Average pitch angle 5.1 °4.8 ° min to max 5.4 ° 4.8 5.4 °

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 71 kt with 6.7° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

90 kt6030020°10°0°LIFTOFF6.7° off12° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 41 kt 1.7° 0 s
Liftoff265 m · target 60 71 kt 6.7° 9.1 s
35 ft370 m · 2.9 s after liftoff 72 kt 11.8° 11.9 s
End of Climb 32,325 m · 858 ft 81 kt 11.2° 62 s

Takeoff from LIKO 21

Takeoff roll100.00
426m63 %
Liftoff speed85.91
71kttarget 60, 11 fast
Runway alignment87.78
6.40m R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb99.62
774fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 858 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 149 m of runway left; then climbing at 980 fpm on average to 858 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 71 ktSCALE CHANGES1.8 km past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 678 m runway.

Rolled from 159 m in, drifted right of the centreline, 6.4 m at the widest, and lifted off 6.4 m right. Airborne 62 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

100200300400500600THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS2 kn75 %widest 6.38 m RROLL 159 M INAirborne 424 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 424 m of 678 m · 63 %
Behind the start of the roll, 159 mTakeoff roll, 265 m Left ahead, 254 m

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 500 ft
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed
Wings level

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 1.3 nm, about 480 ft above the runway, to the threshold, after the 500 ft gate. The last to settle was the speed.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to LIPK 30

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 50 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND1,3417303651921,000 ft gate7 of 71,026 ft · 102 kt500 ft gate7 of 7605 ft · 99 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 7× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 58 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR146 m L0146 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND51 m R2 m R7 m L3 m R21 m R11 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 38 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 23 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band from 4 nm to 1.6 nm, then fast to 1.3 nm (up to +27 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

80100120140 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 76+30 kt+23 kt+13 kt+6 kt+6 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on LIPK 30

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
37ft
Threshold speed100.00
81kttarget 76, 5 fast
Centreline offset100.00
0.03m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
474m
Centreline99.38
3.22m L
Speed100.00
59kttarget 74 or less
Touchdown rate100.00
-75fpm
Impact100.00
1.08G
BouncesOk
None
The flare100.00

Perfect landing flare

The crosswind

No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

Wind 112° at 5 kt · 5 kt tail · 0 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 37 ft, 13 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 474 m in, 170 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

37 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −75 fpm · 4.8° nose up · 60 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 37 ft, down at 474 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 620 fpm at 37 ft to 80 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 7.4° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−3°4°10°touchdown−75 fpm at touchdown4.8° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,403 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 2.9 m left of the centreline.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 474 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 474 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 474 m of 2,403 m · 20 %
In the air over the runway, 474 mRollout, 0 m Left over, 1,928 m

The rest of the report

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Flight narrative

The Tecnam P2006T MKII aircraft departed from runway 21 at LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni airport. After a short distance of 266 meters, covering 39% of the runway, the plane lifted off the ground at a liftoff speed of 71 knots. Local weather conditions were quite favorable, with a temperature of 21°C, a wind speed of 3 knots at 261 degrees, and a crosswind component of 2 knots. A headwind, also of 2 knots, was present.

The enroute climb started approximately one mile southwest of LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni airport, with the aircraft climbing from an altitude of 1,003 feet above sea level to 1,048 feet. This increase in altitude was achieved in less than one minute, and the plane covered almost no distance during this phase.

The aircraft then began a level cruise, commencing one mile south of the airport. This cruise phase lasted for three minutes and saw the plane cover a distance of six nautical miles.

As the plane continued its journey, another climb phase was initiated approximately one mile northeast of Medicina-Buda airport. During this climb, the aircraft rose from an altitude of 1,038 feet above sea level to 3,850 feet, with an increase of 2,812 feet in just three minutes, and the plane covered a distance of six nautical miles.

After another level cruise phase, where the plane flew for 16 minutes over the airport of LIHC Campo di Volo Delta club Conselice, and covered 26 nautical miles, the enroute descent phase began at Forlimpopoli airport. The descent from 3,721 feet to 3,244 feet, with a decrease of 478 feet in just two minutes, and covering four nautical miles, was a smooth transition.

The next level cruise phase, where the plane flew for five minutes over the area one mile north of Cesena airport, and covered one nautical mile, was immediately followed by another descent phase, which took place at Cesena airport. The descent from 2,458 feet to 1,379 feet, with a decrease of 1,078 feet in two minutes, and covering three nautical miles, was another controlled phase of the flight.

Upon reaching Cesena airport, the final approach was initiated, with the aircraft heading towards runway 30 at LIPK Forlì Airport from a southeasterly direction. The landing on this runway, with a length of 2,403 meters, was successful. The touchdown distance of 472 meters was well within the acceptable range, with the touchdown speed being 60 knots. The touchdown rate of -62 feet per minute was also an impressive achievement. However, the runway touchdown position was slightly off centerline, by 3.2 meters.

By the end of the flight, the aircraft had traveled a total distance of 51 nautical miles, completing the journey in 36 minutes. The fuel consumption for this trip was 18 kilograms.

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