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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Use smoother, smaller aileron inputs to keep the wings level and hold bank angle near wings-level during the climb.
What happened: During the climb, bank angle rose to 2.8°, more roll than the climb out called for.
Watch for: Attitude indicator: wings level during the climb
Arrival
Add power on final to keep the approach speed at 84 kt rather than letting it decay before the threshold.
What happened: The aircraft crossed the threshold at 84 kt, 0 kt below the target, and touchdown followed with a firm, high sink rate arrival. Crossing the threshold slow like this usually carries through to a firmer touchdown as the flare runs out of energy.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 84 kt at the threshold.
Every knot above Vref is stored kinetic energy, and energy stored at the threshold must be dissipated in ground effect before the aeroplane will stop flying. Because kinetic energy scales with the square of speed, the excess you must dissipate grows fast. At a 45-knot approach, five knots hot is over a tenth more speed and roughly a quarter more energy to get rid of in ground effect. This is why the fix is never in the flare. It was decided three miles earlier, on final, at the airspeed indicator.
Read more in VRef ExplainedStart to finish · 12 stages, 10 in the score
Events
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Events
From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 65 kt, on the 65 kt target, and lifted off at 74 kt 2.7 s later, the nose coming up at 1.5° a second. Climb 3 held close to its 114 kt target, at 111 kt on average.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 519 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.
Reached 35 ft 290 m past the runway end; gear up at 187 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 900 fpm on average to 519 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 628 m runway.
Rolled from 110 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 9.6 m at the widest, and lifted off 5.8 m left, in 5 kn of crosswind from the left. Airborne 91 % of the way down the runway, past the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
One stabilised approach gate: five checks where the approach path is 300 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out. These checks are the approach's score.
Still turning onto final at the lower gate, so the centreline and wings level are not asked there - the aeroplane was not lined up yet, and was banked because it was turning. The other checks are marked as usual.
When the approach was stable
Never every check met at once: banked until 1.0 nm, left of the centreline from 1.0 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 1.6 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 130 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 179 m right of the centreline at 1.6 nm, then 51 m left of it from 1.0 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 42 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 25 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between −14 kt and +16 kt on the approach speed of 84 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
The aircraft touched down before the threshold. Everything the flare is measured against - the profile, the crossing height, the aim point - is referenced to a threshold this landing never reached, so read the numbers below as what happened short of the runway, not on it. Landing short is the fault to fix before anything about the hold-off is worth judging.
4 kt across from the right, which takes about 3° of crab to hold the centreline at 70 kt. Touched down with the nose 4° left of the track, away from the wind, 4° of bank.
Wind 104° at 9 kt · 7 kt head · 4 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 66 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 11 s, an average deceleration of 0.19 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 718 m of the approach.
Began the flare at 14 ft, 174 m before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 55 ft, close to the 50 ft target; ballooned 4 ft from 1 ft. Touched down 6 m before the threshold.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 718 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Plan view — the full 718 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Touched down 6 m short of the threshold. The 379 fpm arrival was firm.
The rest of the report
The Beechcraft Bonanza departed EDLH Hamm-Lippewiesen Airfield on runway 24, achieving liftoff after a takeoff run of 578 m, which represented 92 % of the available runway. The aircraft left the ground at 74 kt while the ambient temperature was 34 °C, the wind was from 107° at 8 kt with a 6 kt cross-component and a 5 kt tail-component.
Climb commenced approximately 1 NM west of Hamm, where the airplane rose from 809 ft ASL to 1 343 ft ASL, a gain of 534 ft achieved in 2 minutes while covering 5 NM.
Level cruise began about 2 NM north-east of Werne and was maintained for 9 minutes, during which the aircraft traversed 23 NM at a constant altitude.
The final approach to runway 07 at EDLB Borkenberge Airfield was executed from the west on a heading of 68.0° at 1 NM and 564 ft AGL. Ambient conditions were 34 °C, wind from 104° at 12 kt, providing a 5 kt cross-wind and a 10 kt head-wind component.
Touchdown occurred before the runway threshold at a speed of 70 kt, with a vertical speed of minus 151 fpm. The alignment on touchdown was very good and the aircraft required a landing roll of 218 m, equivalent to 30 % of the runway length.
Runway rollout continued with very good alignment, bringing the aircraft to a stop safely.
In total, the flight covered 30 NM, lasted 13 minutes, and consumed 8 kg of fuel.
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