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EDLH
Hamm, Germany
Runway 24
Elevation187 ft asl
Weight1,033 kg
Fuel168 kg
Wind260° · 3 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

95.61 %
EDDG
Munster\/Osnabruck, Germany
Runway 25
Elevation157 ft asl
Weight1,019 kg
Fuel154 kg
Wind236° · 11 kn · 3 kn cross
8 Jul 2024 0:19 32 nm Piper PA-24-250 Comanche 14 kg
Departure Score
92.26 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
93.49 %

What went well

Touched down at -155 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 11 m in — inside the full-score zone
Straight touchdown — 2.93 m off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Departure Climb 2 — Heading variation -2.2 ° at 51 %, bank angle up to 6.2 ° at 89 %, −1.67 points
Arrival Landing — Threshold speed at 49 kn was well below target, take care not to stall at 53 %, −0.79 points
Departure Roll — Landing Lights at 0 %, g force 0.02 to 1.00 g at 86 %, −0.71 points

Next time

Maintain a smooth pitch

See Departure Roll

When Vr arrives, an abrupt near-full-scale pull, pitch overshoots, a push, and an oscillation through the first 200 ft. It feels like “this aircraft is twitchy” but the actual fault happened before liftoff. The pitch trace needs to show a clean ramp during liftoff.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 15 stages, 13 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Roll 93.63Departure roll runway 24 at EDLH Lippewiesen. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 71 kn. Local weather - Temperature 23 °C. Wind 3 kn at 259 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 2 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 0 m0 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 71 knTarget 70 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 3.23 m2.64 m left to 0.59 m right -0.59 2.64 m
86 % Average g force 0.37 g0.02 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 0.02 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 3.5 °2.5 ° min to max 4.1 ° 4.1 2.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.2 1.7 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Departure Climb 1 98.15Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 24 EDLH Lippewiesen.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
93 % Heading variation -1.0 °-1.6 ° min to max -0.4 ° -0.4 -1.6 °
100 % Average speed 77 kn71 kn min to max 80 kn 71 80 kn
99.5 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 2.2 ° 1.7 1.5 °
100 % Average g force 0.92 g0.83 g min to max 1.10 g 0.88 0.88 g
Info Average VSI 543 ft/m350 ft/m min to max 646 ft/m 350 646 ft/m
Info Average altitude 15 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 43 ft agl 0 43 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.3 °2.8 ° min to max 7.8 ° 2.8 7.7 °
Departure Climb 2 84.99Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 24 EDLH Lippewiesen.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
51 % Heading variation -2.2 °-5.9 ° min to max -1.6 ° -1.6 -5.9 °
100 % Average speed 80 kn79 kn min to max 82 kn 80 81 kn
89 % Average bank angle 1.8 °0.0 ° min to max 6.2 ° 1.7 1.6 °
100 % Average g force 0.89 g0.84 g min to max 0.93 g 0.89 0.87 g
Info Average VSI 726 ft/m648 ft/m min to max 1,018 ft/m 648 949 ft/m
Info Average altitude 84 ft agl44 ft agl min to max 275 ft agl 44 275 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.1 °7.7 ° min to max 9.4 ° 7.7 8.9 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead Hamm (Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany). Climbing from 486 ft asl to 1,720 ft asl, an increase of 1,234 ft in 2 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 87 kn80 kn min to max 101 kn 81 100 kn
100 % Average bank angle 6.0 °0.1 ° min to max 12.6 ° 1.0 2.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.89 g0.83 g min to max 0.94 g 0.84 0.90 g
Info Average VSI 766 ft/m357 ft/m min to max 1,086 ft/m 915 670 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,164 ft asl486 ft asl min to max 1,720 ft asl 486 1,720 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 7.2 °3.7 ° min to max 9.8 ° 8.8 4.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles west of Hamm (Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany) and lasted 4 minutes, covering 7 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 2,029 ft asl1,733 ft asl min to max 2,357 ft asl 1,733 2,357 ft asl
100 % Average speed 117 kn100 kn min to max 143 kn 100 142 kn
100 % Average bank angle 2.6 °0.0 ° min to max 9.6 ° 1.7 5.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.90 g0.82 g min to max 0.99 g 0.91 0.84 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °-3.9 ° min to max 4.6 ° 4.6 4.3 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 2,106 ft agl · 122 kt
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started 2 miles north east of Ascheberg (Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany). Climbing from 2,600 ft asl to 2,841 ft asl, an increase of 241 ft in 1 minutes and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 133 kn126 kn min to max 138 kn 126 127 kn
100 % Average bank angle 6.5 °0.9 ° min to max 8.8 ° 0.9 7.5 °
100 % Average g force 0.90 g0.77 g min to max 0.99 g 0.77 0.86 g
Info Average VSI 334 ft/m-270 ft/m min to max 1,247 ft/m 1,247 616 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,673 ft asl2,600 ft asl min to max 2,841 ft asl 2,600 2,841 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °-2.0 ° min to max 3.8 ° 3.8 1.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 3 miles north of Ascheberg (Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany) and lasted 7 minutes, covering 17 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 2,845 ft asl2,465 ft asl min to max 3,068 ft asl 2,868 2,465 ft asl
100 % Average speed 139 kn128 kn min to max 143 kn 128 139 kn
100 % Average bank angle 6.0 °0.3 ° min to max 13.5 ° 2.9 2.5 °
100 % Average g force 0.89 g0.64 g min to max 1.20 g 0.89 0.91 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -1.1 °-2.5 ° min to max 1.8 ° -0.3 -2.5 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile south west of Ladbergen (Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany). Descent from 2,399 ft asl to 1,977 ft asl, a decrease of 422 ft in 1 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 130 kn125 kn min to max 140 kn 140 128 kn
100 % Average bank angle 2.3 °0.0 ° min to max 5.1 ° 1.0 4.7 °
100 % Average g force 0.85 g0.74 g min to max 0.94 g 0.86 0.87 g
Info Average VSI -658 ft/m-1,116 ft/m min to max 68 ft/m -454 -1,116 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,122 ft asl1,977 ft asl min to max 2,399 ft asl 2,399 1,977 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -3.3 °-5.3 ° min to max -1.0 ° -2.7 -5.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival 100.00Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started 1 mile south west of Ladbergen (Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 94 kn71 kn min to max 136 kn 130 71 kn
100 % Average bank angle 8.3 °0.0 ° min to max 30.0 ° 6.3 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.91 g0.64 g min to max 1.31 g 0.90 0.90 g
Info Average VSI -479 ft/m-1,508 ft/m min to max 759 ft/m -1,067 -572 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,350 ft asl713 ft asl min to max 1,959 ft asl 1,959 713 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.9 °-6.5 ° min to max 2.9 ° -5.5 0.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 1,146 ft agl · 93 kt
Arrival Final 2 89.63Approaching runway 25 at EDDG Munster\/Osnabruck from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 546 ft agl to 423 ft agl. A decrease of 123 ft in 14 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
71 % Approach angle 3.9 °3.9 ° min to max 3.9 °Target 3.0 ° 3.9 3.9 °
100 % Average speed 73 kn70 kn min to max 75 kn 73 74 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.6 °0.4 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.9 0.4 °
91 % Average bank angle 2.2 °0.0 ° min to max 6.2 ° 0.0 6.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.89 g0.86 g min to max 0.91 g 0.91 0.90 g
Info Average VSI -504 ft/m-644 ft/m min to max -407 ft/m -595 -474 ft/m
Info Average altitude 485 ft agl423 ft agl min to max 546 ft agl 546 423 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °0.1 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.9 0.4 °
11.251.51.752350400450500Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-70-53-35-18018355370Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 90.67Approaching runway 25 at EDDG Munster\/Osnabruck from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 415 ft agl to 7 ft agl. A decrease of 408 ft in 46 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
57 % Approach angle 1.6 °0.4 ° min to max 3.9 °Target 3.0 ° 3.9 0.4 °
100 % Average speed 61 kn49 kn min to max 78 kn 73 49 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.3 -0.1 °
96 % Average bank angle 2.0 °0.0 ° min to max 4.4 ° 4.4 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.90 g0.73 g min to max 1.13 g 0.86 0.88 g
Info Average VSI -450 ft/m-719 ft/m min to max -147 ft/m -459 -151 ft/m
Info Average altitude 72 ft agl7 ft agl min to max 415 ft agl 415 7 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.8 °-0.9 ° min to max 7.1 ° -0.0 6.2 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 49 ft agl · 68 kt
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-50-38-25-13013253850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 88.21Landing on runway 25 at EDDG Munster\/Osnabruck, runway length 1,962 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed at 49 kn was well below target, take care not to stall.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
53 % Threshold speed at 49 kn was well below target, take care not to stall. Target 70 kn
100 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.90 g min to max 1.01 g 0.90 1.00 g
Info Average speed 48 kn48 kn min to max 49 kn 49 48 kn
Info Average VSI -156 ft/m-158 ft/m min to max -154 ft/m -154 -155 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2 ft agl2 ft agl min to max 3 ft agl 3 2 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.5 °6.7 ° min to max 7.9 ° 6.7 7.8 °
03.517.0211141801123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft03.517.02111418-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 99.34Touchdown distance was good at 9 m. Touchdown speed at 48 kn was good. Touchdown rate was good at -155 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 3.2 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 22 °C. Wind 11 kn at 236 °. Crosswind: 3 kn Headwind: 11 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
98 % Touchdown VSI was -155 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 9 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 48 knTarget 55 kn
99 % Runway alignment max 3.20 m3.08 m right -3.20 -2.93 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.4 °
98 % Average g force 0.64 g0.43 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 0.44 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 47 kn47 kn min to max 48 kn 48 47 kn
Info Average pitch angle 5.9 °4.3 ° min to max 7.8 ° 7.8 4.3 °
Arrival Rollout 99.57Total landing distance 239 m, 12 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 239 m12 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 3.26 m0.37 m left to 2.89 m right -2.89 0.18 m
96 % Average g force 0.48 g0.35 g min to max 0.73 g 0.42 0.73 g
Info Average speed 42 kn30 kn min to max 47 kn 47 30 kn
Info Average pitch angle 3.5 °3.0 ° min to max 4.5 ° 4.4 3.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.3 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 20 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 22 kn8 kn min to max 29 kn 29 8 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °2.1 ° min to max 3.2 ° 3.2 2.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.3 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.3 °
Info Average g force 0.82 g0.74 g min to max 0.94 g 0.78 0.94 g

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 70 kt with 2.8° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

90 kt6030020°10°0°LIFTOFF2.8° off8° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0102030 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 0 kt 3.9° 0 s
Liftoff362 m 70 kt 2.8° 14.8 s
35 ft577 m · 5.1 s after liftoff 79 kt 7.7° 19.9 s
End of the climb1,263 m · 275 ft 81 kt 8.9° 36.0 s

Takeoff from EDLH 24

Takeoff roll100.00
365m60 %
Liftoff speed100.00
70kt
Runway alignment100.00
2.64m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb98.15
543fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 275 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft at the runway end; then climbing at 780 fpm on average to 275 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

500 ft250 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 70 ktSCALE CHANGES0.7 km past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 610 m runway.

Rolled from 47 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 2.7 m at the widest, and lifted off 2.8 m left. Airborne 67 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

100200300400500600THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 2.65 m LROLL 47 M INAirborne 410 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 410 m of 610 m · 67 %
Behind the start of the roll, 47 mTakeoff roll, 362 m Left ahead, 201 m

The approach to EDDG 25

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 3.3 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 410 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND1,305855692474262
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Outside the 1° band 3 times; furthest 1,039 m right at 2.9 nm.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND1029 m R253 m R42 m L28 m L21 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on EDDG 25

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
2ft
Threshold speed52.83
49kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.03m R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
11m
Centreline99.44
3.20m R
Speed100.00
47kt
Touchdown rate98.10
-155fpm
Impact98.00
1.01G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

Wind 236° at 11 kt · 11 kt head · 0 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 48 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 13 s, an average deceleration of 0.08 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

020406030 kt · 247 mtouchdown257 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 2 ft, 48 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 11 m in, 294 m short of the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

2 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −155 fpm · 7.8° nose up · 48 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 2 ft, down at 11 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink stayed between 160 fpm and 160 fpm from 1 ft to the runway. The nose came up 1.1° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−155 fpm at touchdown7.8° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 1,962 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 2.9 m right of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 3.2 m right at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 11 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 11 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 226 m of 1,962 m · 12 %
In the air over the runway, 11 mRollout, 215 m Left over, 1,736 m
Rollout distance100.00
215m11 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
2.89m R

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