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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Raise the gear lever promptly once a positive rate of climb is confirmed after liftoff.
What happened: The landing gear was never raised during the initial climb and was still down when the climb ended.
Watch for: Landing gear lever: UP promptly after confirming a positive rate of climb.
Arrival
Begin the flare with firm, progressive back pressure, raising the nose further through the flare band and holding it until touchdown.
What happened: The nose was raised only 1.5° and little of the sink was taken out, so the aircraft was flown onto the runway; an under-flare like this usually carries through into a hard touchdown, as this one did at 1.3 g.
Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: a steady, progressive reduction in sink through the normal flare band.
Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.
Read more in The Stabilised ApproachStart to finish · 25 stages, 23 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 127 kt, on the 125 kt target, and lifted off at 141 kt 2.2 s later, the nose coming up at 3.7° a second. Climb 3 averaged 178 kt, 9 kt over its 169 kt target.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 745 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 320 m of runway left; then climbing at 2,810 fpm on average to 745 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 1,555 m runway.
Rolled from 135 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 8.8 m at the widest, and lifted off 7.2 m left. Airborne 51 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with six checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
At the 1,000 ft gate: speed more than 5 kt below the approach speed of 115 kt.
At the 500 ft gate: speed more than 5 kt below the approach speed of 115 kt.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 0.5 nm, about 240 ft above the runway, to the threshold, after the 500 ft gate. The last to settle was the speed.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 70 ft below the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 18× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 20 m off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 29 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 17 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band from 4 nm to 3.2 nm, then slow to 0.5 nm (up to −18 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
The flare wandered off the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 1.5° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 353 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 3° left of the track, wings level.
Wind 256° at 2 kt · 1 kt head · 1 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 59 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 45 ft. Touched down 353 m in, 48 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 620 fpm at the flare to 410 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.1° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,133 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 3 m left of the centreline and drifted to 8.3 m left on the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 353 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 2.97 G arrival is the firm side of smooth.
The rest of the report
The Cessna 750 Citation X taxied from the parking area to runway 19 at KFOK Francis S Gabreski Airport in 63 minutes, covering 6 nm.
During the departure roll on runway 19, the aircraft used 804 m of runway, representing 52 % of the available length, and lifted off at 141 kt; local conditions were 22 °C with a 3 kt wind from 168°, zero cross-wind and a 3 kt head-wind.
The first en-route climb began overhead Quiogue, New York, and the airplane rose from 976 ft asl to 42 970 ft asl, an increase of 41 995 ft achieved in 18 minutes while traversing 115 nm.
A level cruise segment started 1 nm west of Birchwood Lakes, Pennsylvania, lasting 12 minutes and extending 74 nm.
The initial descent commenced over New Albany, Pennsylvania, descending from 42 864 ft asl to 8 971 ft asl, a loss of 33 893 ft in 7 minutes over 39 nm.
A brief cruise followed 3 nm north of 0PA9 Carson Heliport, Perkasie, lasting 2 minutes and covering 5 nm.
The next climb started 1 nm north of Avis, Pennsylvania, climbing from 8 919 ft asl to 12 799 ft asl, an increase of 3 880 ft in 2 minutes while covering 3 nm.
A subsequent cruise segment began 1 nm northwest of McElhattan, Pennsylvania, lasting 2 minutes and spanning 7 nm.
The second descent began 2 nm west of Mill Hall, Pennsylvania, dropping from 13 079 ft asl to 8 983 ft asl, a decrease of 4 096 ft in 3 minutes over 15 nm.
A further cruise segment started 3 nm northwest of Milesburg, Pennsylvania, lasting 3 minutes and covering 15 nm.
The third descent originated 2 nm southwest of KPSB Mid-State Regional Airport, Philipsburg, Pennsylvania, descending from 8 961 ft asl to 6 971 ft asl, a loss of 1 990 ft in 2 minutes across 8 nm.
A longer cruise followed 2 nm northeast of Northwood, Pennsylvania, lasting 10 minutes and extending 40 nm.
The fourth descent began 2 nm north of PS23 Windy Hill Airport, Curwensville, Pennsylvania, descending from 6 953 ft asl to 4 999 ft asl, a reduction of 1 954 ft in 2 minutes while covering 5 nm.
Another cruise segment started 5 nm north of Schellsburg, Pennsylvania, lasting 2 minutes and covering 4 nm.
The final descent started 5 nm east of PS52 Alberter Farms Airport, Johnstown, Pennsylvania, dropping from 5 434 ft asl to 3 506 ft asl, a loss of 1 928 ft in 3 minutes over 5 nm.
On final approach to runway 33 at KJST John Murtha Johnstown Cambria County Airport, the aircraft approached from the southeast on a heading of 324.0°, entering the approach at 4 nm and 1 224 ft agl.
During the approach the airplane descended from 1 300 ft agl to -18 ft agl in 133 seconds, meeting the stabilisation gate criteria.
Landing on runway 33 was executed with a runway length of 2 133 m; the threshold height at 60 ft agl was slightly above target and the threshold speed was 112 kt. Touchdown occurred 349 m down the runway at 107 kt with a firm rate of minus 350 fpm and very good alignment; local weather was 22 °C with a 1 kt wind from 300°, zero cross-wind and a 1 kt head-wind. Total landing distance was 643 m, representing 30 % of the runway, and rollout alignment was offset 8.5 m from the centreline.
The aircraft taxied from the runway to the parking area in less than 1 minute, covering less than 1 nm.
In total the flight covered 350 nm, lasted 75 minutes, and consumed 1 006 kg of fuel.
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