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KFFZ
Mesa, United States
Runway 22L
Elevation1,365 ft asl
Weight13,305 lbs
Fuel3,014 lbs
Wind290° · 9 kn · 8 kn cross

Flight Score

79.79 %
KFFZ
Mesa, United States
Runway 22L
Elevation1,365 ft asl
Weight13,187 lbs
Fuel2,886 lbs
Wind270° · 15 kn · 9 kn cross
5 Jul 2025 0:12 24 nm Horten Ho229 128 lbs
Departure Score
96.27 %
Enroute Score
59.34 %
Arrival Score
83.75 %

What went well

Touched down at -308 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 474 ft in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 16 ft and 85 kt — both inside band

What held you back

Enroute Descent — 250 kt exceeded below 10,000 ft, then GPWS warning; bank angle up to 172.9 ° at 0 %, g force -1.07 to 6.47 g at 0 %, −5.63 points
Enroute Climb — 250 kt exceeded below 10,000 ft, then GPWS warning; bank angle up to 93.7 ° at 0 %, g force 0.13 to 4.90 g at 3 %, −4.14 points
Enroute Level — GPWS warning, then 250 kt exceeded below 10,000 ft; bank angle up to 88.7 ° at 3 %, g force 0.71 to 2.73 g at 65 %, −3.58 points
Arrival Final 4 — 250 kt exceeded below 10,000 ft; bank angle up to 40.3 ° at 0 %, Approach angle 4.6 ° at 56 %, −1.59 points

Next time

Keep the wings level on final

See Arrival Final 4

Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 19 stages, 17 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 7 kt0 kt min to max 11 kt 0 11 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 9.6 °9.4 ° min to max 9.7 ° 9.4 9.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.2 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.5 1.0 °

Events

Info Navigation Lights Switched On 5 ft agl · 12 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 22L at KFFZ Falcon Field, Average speed was 8 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 9 kt4 kt min to max 13 kt 10 4 kt
Info Average pitch angle 9.6 °8.5 ° min to max 10.1 ° 9.0 9.3 °
Info Average bank angle 1.0 °0.1 ° min to max 2.7 ° 1.7 2.0 °
Info Average g force 0.99 g0.98 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 0.99 g

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 5 ft agl · 6 kt
Departure Roll 99.76Departure roll runway 22L at KFFZ Falcon Field. Takeoff distance 1,001 ft 20 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 83 kt. Local weather - Temperature 104 °F. Wind 9 kt at 290 °. Crosswind: 8 kt Headwind: 5 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,001 ft20 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 83 ktTarget 75 kt
99 % Runway alignment max 11.9 ft0.8 ft left to 11.1 ft right -5.9 0.8 ft
100 % Average g force 0.94 g0.90 g min to max 1.07 g 0.92 1.07 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 9.7 °8.5 ° min to max 10.8 ° 10.0 10.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 2.6 ° 0.6 2.6 °
Departure Climb 1 96.35Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 22L KFFZ Falcon Field.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.3 ° -0.1 0.3 °
100 % Average speed 90 kt83 kt min to max 98 kt 83 98 kt
85 % Average bank angle 4.1 °0.3 ° min to max 7.6 ° 2.7 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.94 g min to max 1.10 g 1.08 0.94 g
Info Average VSI 481 fpm293 fpm min to max 591 fpm 293 588 fpm
Info Average altitude 20 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 47 ft agl 0 47 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.3 °8.8 ° min to max 11.1 ° 10.9 8.8 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 28 ft agl · 97 kt
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 22L KFFZ Falcon Field.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.7 °0.4 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.4 1.6 °
100 % Average speed 104 kt98 kt min to max 130 kt 98 130 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.2 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.79 g min to max 1.12 g 0.94 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 885 fpm581 fpm min to max 1,723 fpm 588 1,723 fpm
Info Average altitude 104 ft agl48 ft agl min to max 379 ft agl 48 379 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.4 °8.8 ° min to max 11.9 ° 8.8 11.4 °
Departure Climb 3 85.25Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 22L KFFZ Falcon Field.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 2.2 °1.7 ° min to max 3.4 ° 1.7 3.4 °
100 % Average speed 140 kt132 kt min to max 146 kt 132 146 kt
26 % Average bank angle 11.3 °0.1 ° min to max 30.0 ° 0.4 30.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.75 g min to max 1.35 g 0.89 0.99 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 2,438 fpm1,539 fpm min to max 3,450 fpm 1,761 2,838 fpm
Info Average altitude 611 ft agl408 ft agl min to max 893 ft agl 408 893 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 13.0 °8.0 ° min to max 17.0 ° 11.6 12.9 °
Enroute Climb 97.49Enroute climb started overhead KFFZ Falcon Field Mesa (Arizona, United States). Climbing from 2,327 ft asl to 3,304 ft asl, an increase of 977 ft in 1 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 167 kt144 kt min to max 196 kt 149 173 kt
94 % Average bank angle 32.7 °1.6 ° min to max 43.1 ° 4.6 30.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.10 g0.75 g min to max 1.45 g 1.15 0.90 g
Info Average VSI 1,115 fpm-1,658 fpm min to max 5,223 fpm 2,721 -1,658 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,182 ft asl2,327 ft asl min to max 3,549 ft asl 2,327 3,304 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 5.6 °-6.4 ° min to max 22.2 ° 12.8 -6.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 57.10Enroute level cruise started 2 miles south of KFFZ Falcon Field Mesa (Arizona, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
98 % Average altitude 3,050 ft asl2,321 ft asl min to max 3,741 ft asl 3,270 3,086 ft asl
100 % Average speed 197 kt137 kt min to max 314 kt 172 314 kt
3 % Average bank angle 31.0 °0.0 ° min to max 88.7 ° 26.0 0.8 °
65 % Average g force 1.40 g0.71 g min to max 2.73 g 1.21 1.12 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °-9.8 ° min to max 25.6 ° -5.1 -0.2 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 985 ft agl · 205 kt
Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 3,112 ft agl
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 956 ft agl · 212 kt
Enroute Descent 32.50Enroute descent started 3 miles east of KFFZ Falcon Field Mesa (Arizona, United States). Descent from 3,087 ft asl to 1,684 ft asl, a decrease of 1,403 ft in 3 minutes and covering 8 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
56 % Average speed 307 kt213 kt min to max 388 kt 314 278 kt
0 % Average bank angle 43.5 °0.0 ° min to max 172.9 ° 1.1 67.8 °
0 % Average g force 2.08 g-1.07 g min to max 6.47 g 1.03 2.14 g
Info Average VSI -392 fpm-9,592 fpm min to max 9,850 fpm 22 1,300 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,766 ft asl1,494 ft asl min to max 3,739 ft asl 3,087 1,684 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °-15.6 ° min to max 23.6 ° -0.1 4.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 3,087 ft agl
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 936 ft agl · 421 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 489 ft agl · 386 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 205 ft agl · 369 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 620 ft agl · 274 kt
Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 3,047 ft agl
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 563 ft agl · 293 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 504 ft agl · 277 kt
Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 2,233 ft agl
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 287 ft agl · 240 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 318 ft agl · 249 kt
Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 1,521 ft agl
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 890 ft agl · 405 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 320 ft agl · 376 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 452 ft agl · 357 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 734 ft agl · 287 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 469 ft agl · 279 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 389 ft agl · 280 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 384 ft agl · 249 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 123 ft agl · 315 kt
Enroute Climb 2 50.29Enroute climb started 3 miles south east of AZ25 Tri-Rotor Ag Services Airport Somerton (Arizona, United States). Climbing from 1,707 ft asl to 3,337 ft asl, an increase of 1,630 ft in 2 minutes and covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 239 kt149 kt min to max 378 kt 275 323 kt
0 % Average bank angle 50.6 °1.1 ° min to max 93.7 ° 71.1 69.3 °
3 % Average g force 1.97 g0.13 g min to max 4.90 g 3.28 2.63 g
Info Average VSI 1,577 fpm-4,334 fpm min to max 10,132 fpm 1,406 -4,334 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,373 ft asl1,707 ft asl min to max 4,514 ft asl 1,707 3,337 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.9 °-5.1 ° min to max 29.0 ° 6.2 -5.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 1,706 ft agl
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 376 ft agl · 289 kt
Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 4,270 ft agl
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 391 ft agl · 285 kt
Arrival Final 4 61.78Approaching runway 22L at KFFZ Falcon Field from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 1,894 ft agl to 1,525 ft agl. A decrease of 369 ft in 10 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
56 % Approach angle 4.6 °4.5 ° min to max 4.6 °Target 3.0 ° 4.5 4.6 °
100 % Average speed 282 kt258 kt min to max 316 kt 316 258 kt
73 % Heading variation 2.9 °0.5 ° min to max 5.5 ° 5.5 0.5 °
0 % Average bank angle 29.5 °11.1 ° min to max 40.3 ° 30.9 40.3 °
77 % Average g force 1.61 g1.11 g min to max 2.32 g 2.27 1.65 g
Info Average VSI -2,570 fpm-4,494 fpm min to max -1,523 fpm -4,494 -1,523 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,690 ft agl1,525 ft agl min to max 1,894 ft agl 1,894 1,525 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.6 °-5.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° -5.0 0.2 °

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 3,259 ft agl
33.253.53.7541,4001,4501,5001,5501,6001,6501,7001,7501,8001,850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft33.253.53.754-3,370-2,528-1,685-84308431,6852,5283,370Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Final 3 58.15Approaching runway 22L at KFFZ Falcon Field from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 1,511 ft agl to 1,097 ft agl. A decrease of 414 ft in 18 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
26 % Approach angle 5.1 °4.7 ° min to max 5.3 °Target 3.0 ° 4.7 5.1 °
100 % Average speed 201 kt163 kt min to max 254 kt 254 163 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.2 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 -0.2 °
2 % Average bank angle 10.6 °0.0 ° min to max 39.2 ° 39.2 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.62 g min to max 1.23 g 1.23 0.98 g
Info Average VSI -1,337 fpm-2,088 fpm min to max -902 fpm -1,068 -2,088 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,335 ft agl1,097 ft agl min to max 1,511 ft agl 1,511 1,097 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -3.1 °-6.8 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.0 -6.8 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 960 ft agl · 177 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 1,145 ft agl · 206 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 1,125 ft agl · 196 kt
22.252.52.7531,0501,1001,1501,2001,2501,3001,3501,4001,450Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft22.252.52.753-260-195-130-65065130195260Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Final 2 72.25Approaching runway 22L at KFFZ Falcon Field from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 1,032 ft agl to 429 ft agl. A decrease of 603 ft in 27 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
13 % Approach angle 4.4 °3.8 ° min to max 5.0 °Target 3.0 ° 5.0 3.8 °
100 % Average speed 117 kt92 kt min to max 155 kt 155 93 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.1 -0.0 °
92 % Average bank angle 2.3 °0.1 ° min to max 6.0 ° 6.0 2.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.86 g min to max 1.19 g 1.06 1.08 g
Info Average VSI -1,399 fpm-1,946 fpm min to max -904 fpm -1,946 -904 fpm
Info Average altitude 702 ft agl429 ft agl min to max 1,032 ft agl 1,032 429 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -3.6 °-5.8 ° min to max -1.4 ° -5.8 -1.8 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Arrival Final 3 960 ft agl · 177 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 651 ft agl · 130 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 612 ft agl · 125 kt
Info Flaps Position 4 519 ft agl · 118 kt
11.251.51.7523504004505005506006507007508008509009501,000Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-190-143-95-4804895143190Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Final 1 98.09Approaching runway 22L at KFFZ Falcon Field from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 417 ft agl to 46 ft agl. A decrease of 371 ft in 34 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
92 % Approach angle 2.2 °1.3 ° min to max 3.8 °Target 3.0 ° 3.8 1.3 °
100 % Average speed 86 kt83 kt min to max 94 kt 89 86 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 -0.1 °
99 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 4.8 ° 2.5 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.83 g min to max 1.18 g 1.01 1.06 g
Info Average VSI -636 fpm-1,111 fpm min to max -186 fpm -798 -398 fpm
Info Average altitude 109 ft agl46 ft agl min to max 417 ft agl 417 46 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.0 °-1.9 ° min to max 5.6 ° -1.6 5.0 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 322 ft agl · 90 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 213 ft agl · 97 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 97 ft agl · 98 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 56 ft agl · 94 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 22 ft agl · 90 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 263 ft agl · 99 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 112 ft agl · 100 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 90 ft agl · 92 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 30 ft agl · 92 kt
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-130-98-65-330336598130Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Landing 98.28Landing on runway 22L at KFFZ Falcon Field, runway length 5,092 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was well above target at 86 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was well above target at 86 kt. Target 75 kt
93 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 2.4 ° 0.2 2.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.92 g min to max 1.09 g 1.06 0.92 g
Info Average speed 81 kt75 kt min to max 86 kt 86 75 kt
Info Average VSI -292 fpm-395 fpm min to max -247 fpm -395 -302 fpm
Info Average altitude 9 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 16 ft agl 16 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.0 °5.2 ° min to max 6.4 ° 5.2 6.4 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Arrival Final 1 22 ft agl · 90 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 7 ft agl · 80 kt
025050001123344657Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft0250500-60-48-36-24-1201224364860Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 95.20Touchdown distance was good at 467 ft. Touchdown speed at 75 kt was good. Touchdown rate was firm at -302 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 102 °F. Wind 15 kt at 269 °. Crosswind: 9 kt Headwind: 12 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
93 % Touchdown VSI was -302 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 467 ftTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 75 ktTarget below 78 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 5.7 ft5.0 ft right -4.7 -5.7 ft
100 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.0 ° min to max 2.4 ° 2.4 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.21 g0.92 g min to max 1.40 g 0.92 1.30 g
80 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 76 kt74 kt min to max 76 kt 75 74 kt
Info Average pitch angle 8.2 °6.4 ° min to max 10.3 ° 6.4 10.3 °
Arrival Rollout 91.24Total landing distance 1,212 ft, 24 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 28 ft from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,212 ft24 % of runway.
81 % Runway alignment max 27.5 ft0.0 ft left to 27.5 ft right -6.0 -23.6 ft
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.90 g min to max 1.24 g 1.24 1.03 g
Info Average speed 60 kt39 kt min to max 71 kt 71 39 kt
Info Average pitch angle 11.2 °10.0 ° min to max 11.9 ° 10.9 10.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.0 1.2 °

Events

Fail Bounce during touchdown 6 ft agl · 57 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 20 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 18 kt11 kt min to max 35 kt 35 11 kt
Info Average pitch angle 9.9 °9.1 ° min to max 10.6 ° 10.4 9.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.1 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.7 1.0 °
Info Average g force 0.99 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 1.01 0.99 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 5 ft agl · 31 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 5 ft agl · 29 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 5 ft agl · 28 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 5 ft agl · 11 kt
Arrival Taxi 95.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 9 kt7 kt min to max 11 kt 11 8 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.98 g min to max 0.99 g 0.99 0.99 g
Info Average pitch angle 10.2 °10.0 ° min to max 10.4 ° 10.1 10.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.9 0.1 °

Events

Fail Taxi Lights

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 82 kt with 10.5° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

150 kt10050020°10°0°LIFTOFF10.5° off10° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 36 kt 10.0° 0 s
Liftoff981 ft 82 kt 10.5° 9.4 s
35 ft1,720 ft · 4.8 s after liftoff 94 kt 9.8° 14.2 s
End of Climb 37,571 ft · 893 ft 146 kt 12.9° 41.9 s

Takeoff from KFFZ 22L

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
1,001ft20 %
Liftoff speed100.00
82kt
Runway alignment98.81
11.1ft R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb96.35
480fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 893 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 3,145 ft of runway left; then climbing at 1,650 fpm on average to 893 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END3040506070KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 82 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 5,092 ft runway.

Rolled from 227 ft in, drifted 11 ft right of the centreline and was back on it to lift off, in 7 kn of crosswind from the right. Airborne 23 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS7 kn75 %widest 11.0 ft RROLL 227 FT INAirborne 1,208 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,208 ft of 5,092 ft · 24 %
Behind the start of the roll, 227 ftTakeoff roll, 981 ft Left ahead, 3,884 ft

The approach to KFFZ 22L

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

High from 4 nm to 1.0 nm (up to 780 ft over), then back on it to the threshold.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND2,0891,5171,206827498202
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 3,350 ft left of the centreline, then inside the band from 3.0 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR1000 ft L01000 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND3353 ft L287 ft L73 ft R15 ft R18 ft R14 ft L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 32 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 18 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Fast from 4 nm to the threshold (up to +259 kt).

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

80120160200240280320 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 75+259 kt+185 kt+97 kt+55 kt+21 kt+12 kt+11 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on KFFZ 22L

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
16ft
Threshold speed100.00
85kttarget 75, 10 fast
Centreline offset100.00
0.1ft R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
474ft
Centreline100.00
5.7ft R
Speed100.00
75kttarget 78 or less
Touchdown rate92.81
-308fpm
Impact100.00
1.40G
Bounces80.00
1
The crosswind

5 kt across from the right, which takes about 4° of crab to hold the centreline at 75 kt. Touched down with the nose 6° into wind, 2° of bank.

Wind 270° at 15 kt · 12 kt head · 5 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 5,000 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 16 ft, 34 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 474 ft in, 526 ft short of the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 5,000 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

16 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −301 fpm · 6.4° nose up · 75 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 16 ft, down at 474 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 260 fpm at 13 ft to 170 fpm at 10 ft, then back up to 300 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.2° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−301 fpm at touchdown6.4° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 5,000 ft of the 5,092 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 6 ft right of the centreline and drifted to 27 ft right on the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 5 kn FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 474 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 474 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.40 G arrival bounced.

Runway used 1,155 ft of 5,092 ft · 23 %
In the air over the runway, 474 ftRollout, 681 ft Left over, 3,937 ft
Rollout distance100.00
681ft23 % used
Rollout alignment80.52
27.5ft R

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Flight narrative

The flight began with the Horten Ho229 taxiing from the parking area to the runway, a process that took just 1 minute and covered less than 1 nautical mile. The aircraft then departed from runway 22L at KFFZ Falcon Field, with a takeoff distance of 1,001 feet, which accounted for 20% of the runway. The liftoff speed was 83 knots.

The local weather conditions at the time of takeoff were quite hot, with a temperature of 104 degrees Fahrenheit, and a moderate wind blowing at 9 knots from a direction of 290 degrees. This resulted in a crosswind of 8 knots and a headwind of 5 knots. The aircraft began its enroute climb overhead KFFZ Falcon Field Mesa, Arizona, and ascended from an altitude of 2,327 feet above sea level to 3,304 feet, an increase of 977 feet in just 1 minute, covering a distance of 2 nautical miles.

The enroute level cruise phase started 2 miles south of KFFZ Falcon Field Mesa and lasted for 2 minutes, during which the aircraft covered a distance of 4 nautical miles. The enroute descent phase began 3 miles east of KFFZ Falcon Field Mesa, and the aircraft descended from an altitude of 3,087 feet to 1,684 feet, a decrease of 1,403 feet in 3 minutes, covering a distance of 8 nautical miles.

The aircraft then began another enroute climb phase, this time starting 3 miles southeast of AZ25 Tri-Rotor Ag Services Airport Somerton, Arizona. The climb took the aircraft from an altitude of 1,707 feet to 3,337 feet, an increase of 1,630 feet in 2 minutes, covering a distance of 5 nautical miles. The final approach to runway 22L at KFFZ Falcon Field was made from the northeast, with the aircraft heading 259.0 degrees at an altitude of 1,894 feet above ground level, 4 nautical miles from the runway.

The landing on runway 22L was successful, with the aircraft touching down at a speed of 75 knots and a touchdown distance of 467 feet. The touchdown rate was firm at -302 feet per minute, and the runway touchdown alignment was very good. The local weather conditions at the time of landing were slightly cooler, with a temperature of 102 degrees Fahrenheit, and a moderate wind blowing at 15 knots from a direction of 269 degrees. This resulted in a crosswind of 9 knots and a headwind of 12 knots.

The total landing distance was 1,212 feet, which accounted for 24% of the runway. However, the runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 28 feet from the centerline. The aircraft then taxied to the parking area, a process that took less than 1 minute and covered less than 1 nautical mile. The total flight distance was 24 nautical miles, and the flight duration was 12 minutes, during which the aircraft used 128 pounds of fuel.

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