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KVGT
Las Vegas, United States
Runway 12L
Elevation2,188 ft asl
Weight1,116 kg
Fuel54 kg
Wind140° · 21 kn · 2 kn cross

Flight Score

86.16 %
KVGT
Las Vegas, United States
Runway 12L
Elevation2,188 ft asl
Weight1,114 kg
Fuel51 kg
Wind140° · 15 kn · 1 kn cross
8 Jun 2024 0:14 9 nm Grob G115 2 kg
Departure Score
88.10 %
Pattern Score
89.92 %
Arrival Score
80.47 %

What went well

Touchdown 147 m in — inside the full-score zone
Straight touchdown — 0.26 m off the centreline, no bounce
1.18 G at touchdown — inside band

What held you back

Departure Taxi — Taxi Lights at 0 %, peak taxi speed 33 kt at 45 %, −3.54 points
Arrival Final 1 — Heading variation 1.4 ° at 0 %, Approach angle 2.3 ° at 63 %, −3.44 points
Arrival Landing — Threshold speed at 45 kn was well below target, take care not to stall at 16 %, Landing and flare profile at 89 %, −2.66 points

Next time

Track the centreline on final

See Arrival Final 1

Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 12 stages, 11 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 68.13Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 11 minutes and covered 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
45 % Average speed 16 kn0 kn min to max 33 kn 0 19 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 8 knmax 12 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °0.8 ° min to max 2.8 ° 1.6 1.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.1 0.7 °

Events

Fail Taxi Lights
Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 3 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 9 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 11 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 12L at KVGT North Las Vegas, Average speed was 26 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 23 kn21 kn min to max 24 kn 21 22 kn
Info Average pitch angle 1.1 °0.8 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.4 1.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.6 °0.3 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.4 0.8 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.02 g 0.99 1.02 g
Departure Roll 99.91Departure roll runway 12L at KVGT North Las Vegas. Takeoff distance 91 m 7 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 68 kn. Local weather - Temperature 40 °C. Wind 21 kn at 139 °. Crosswind: 2 kn Headwind: 21 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 91 m7 % of runway
99.5 % Liftoff speed was 68 knTarget 60 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 2.90 m2.15 m left to 0.74 m right 0.86 0.83 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 0.98 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °0.5 ° min to max 1.5 ° 1.4 1.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.6 0.3 °
Departure Climb 1 96.27Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 12L KVGT North Las Vegas.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.4 °-0.7 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -0.7 °
100 % Average speed 72 kn68 kn min to max 78 kn 68 78 kn
91 % Average bank angle 2.2 °0.0 ° min to max 5.2 ° 0.3 4.9 °
84 % Average g force 1.01 g0.47 g min to max 1.52 g 0.99 1.05 g
Info Average VSI 154 ft/m-90 ft/m min to max 512 ft/m 422 381 ft/m
Info Average altitude 13 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 33 ft agl 0 33 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.3 °0.0 ° min to max 8.9 ° 1.5 4.5 °
Pattern Entry 99.71Left hand pattern entry from runway 12L KVGT North Las Vegas. Distance was less than 1 nm in 74 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 80 kn74 kn min to max 98 kn 78 98 kn
100 % Average bank angle 3.6 °0.0 ° min to max 19.4 ° 5.2 16.9 °
97 % Average g force 1.00 g0.77 g min to max 1.30 g 1.06 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 386 ft/m-172 ft/m min to max 944 ft/m 380 32 ft/m
Info Average altitude 169 ft agl27 ft agl min to max 588 ft agl 27 588 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.3 °0.0 ° min to max 7.0 ° 4.6 1.8 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 78 ft agl · 86 kt
Pattern Crosswind 93.56Left hand pattern crosswind from runway 12L KVGT North Las Vegas. Distance was less than 1 nm in 16 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
88 % Heading -6.8 °-34.0 ° min to max 7.5 ° 7.5 -34.0 °
100 % Average speed 100 kn94 kn min to max 105 kn 99 96 kn
90 % Average g force 1.09 g0.64 g min to max 1.42 g 1.07 1.06 g
Info Average VSI 494 ft/m-61 ft/m min to max 1,407 ft/m 47 744 ft/m
Info Average altitude 643 ft agl589 ft agl min to max 755 ft agl 589 755 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 15.2 °0.3 ° min to max 30.3 ° 18.8 28.4 °
Info Average pitch angle 4.1 °0.6 ° min to max 9.0 ° 1.9 4.2 °
Pattern Downwind Turn 95.76Pattern Downwind Turn. Distance was 2 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 53.5 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
86 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 53.5 °.
100 % Average speed 101 kn95 kn min to max 107 kn 95 107 kn
100 % Average bank angle 15.6 °8.1 ° min to max 25.4 ° 25.4 9.4 °
99 % Average g force 1.02 g0.85 g min to max 1.26 g 0.89 0.96 g
Info Average VSI -257 ft/m-493 ft/m min to max 458 ft/m 458 -348 ft/m
Info Average altitude 726 ft agl685 ft agl min to max 760 ft agl 760 685 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.4 °-2.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.6 0.4 °
Pattern Downwind 90.86Pattern Downwind Leg. Distance was 3 nm in 77 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading -1.1 °-12.8 ° min to max 16.8 ° 16.8 -12.8 °
70 % Average altitude 812 ft agl669 ft agl min to max 919 ft agl 679 786 ft agl
100 % Average speed 94 kn80 kn min to max 112 kn 107 82 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.77 g min to max 1.22 g 1.06 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 75 ft/m-654 ft/m min to max 984 ft/m -373 120 ft/m
Info Average bank angle 2.2 °0.0 ° min to max 6.8 ° 1.6 1.1 °
Info Average pitch angle 3.7 °0.1 ° min to max 5.8 ° 1.4 5.7 °
Pattern Base Leg Turn 69.71Pattern Base Leg Turn. Distance was 2 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 13.0 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 13.0 °.
100 % Average speed 62 kn48 kn min to max 81 kn 80 50 kn
100 % Average bank angle 5.6 °0.0 ° min to max 18.2 ° 0.0 1.3 °
97 % Average g force 1.01 g0.70 g min to max 1.23 g 0.99 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -205 ft/m-1,329 ft/m min to max 310 ft/m 180 79 ft/m
Info Average altitude 488 ft agl340 ft agl min to max 807 ft agl 790 350 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °-2.3 ° min to max 6.3 ° 5.6 2.3 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 595 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 473 ft agl · 90 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 470 ft agl · 81 kt
Arrival Final 1 69.02Approaching runway 12L at KVGT North Las Vegas from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 351 ft agl to 19 ft agl. A decrease of 332 ft in 59 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
63 % Approach angle 2.3 °1.4 ° min to max 4.1 °Target 3.2 ° 3.4 1.4 °
100 % Average speed 50 kn45 kn min to max 60 kn 50 45 kn
0 % Heading variation 1.4 °0.3 ° min to max 5.7 ° 5.7 0.3 °
82 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.0 ° min to max 10.0 ° 2.4 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.81 g min to max 1.17 g 0.92 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -284 ft/m-706 ft/m min to max 63 ft/m 50 -232 ft/m
Info Average altitude 84 ft agl19 ft agl min to max 351 ft agl 351 19 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.2 °-5.9 ° min to max 4.5 ° 0.8 3.8 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-340-255-170-85085170255340Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 76.06Landing on runway 12L at KVGT North Las Vegas, runway length 1,220 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed at 45 kn was well below target, take care not to stall.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
16 % Threshold speed at 45 kn was well below target, take care not to stall. Target 80 kn
89 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.0 °
98 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 3.0 ° 0.8 2.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.92 g min to max 1.14 g 1.00 0.98 g
Info Average speed 38 kn34 kn min to max 45 kn 45 34 kn
Info Average VSI -167 ft/m-337 ft/m min to max 7 ft/m -232 -180 ft/m
Info Average altitude 5 ft agl-3 ft agl min to max 18 ft agl 18 -3 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.8 °2.7 ° min to max 8.8 ° 3.8 6.1 °

Events

Info Stall Warning Activated 5 ft agl · 48 kt
07515001123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150-15-12-9-6-303691215Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 96.32Touchdown distance was good at 145 m. Touchdown speed at 34 kn was good. Touchdown rate was good at -180 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 40 °C. Wind 15 kn at 139 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 15 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
86 % Touchdown VSI was -180 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 145 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 34 knTarget 55 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 0.26 m0.19 m right -0.09 -0.26 m
95 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.2 ° min to max 2.5 ° 2.5 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.11 g0.98 g min to max 1.18 g 0.98 1.08 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 34 kn34 kn min to max 34 kn 34 34 kn
Info Average pitch angle 6.1 °6.0 ° min to max 6.3 ° 6.1 6.3 °

Events

Info Stall Warning Deactivated 3 ft agl · 48 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 68 kt with 1.5° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

90 kt6030020°10°0°LIFTOFF1.5° offAIRSPEEDPITCH01020 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 23 kt 1.4° 0 s
Liftoff368 m 68 kt 1.5° 16.5 s
End of the climb739 m · 33 ft 78 kt 4.5° 27.2 s

Takeoff from KVGT 12L

Taxi lightsFail
Off
Takeoff roll100.00
366m30 %
Liftoff speed99.55
68kt
Runway alignment100.00
2.15m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb96.27
154fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 33 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

500 ft250 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 68 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 1,220 m runway.

Rolled from the start of the runway, drifted 2.1 m left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 30 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS1 kn75 %widest 2.15 m LAirborne 378 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 378 m of 1,220 m · 31 %
Behind the start of the roll, 9 mTakeoff roll, 368 m Left ahead, 842 m

The circuit to KVGT 12L

Left-hand, 1,000 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from liftoff to the threshold.

Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 0.9 nm out at 94 kt

How to read this

The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.

45° to the thresholdTHRLANDING123crosswinddownwind90+75-89under 75not a circuit legtextbook circuit

Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded

How to read this

The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The green box is circuit height, 1,000 ft, on the downwind. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°. "Turn crosswind from" is the lowest height to start the first turn at.

05001,0001,5000°30°HEIGHT ftBANKcircuit height 1,000 ftturn crosswind from 700 ft20°125°218°3distance flown →
HeightBankA turnCircuit height ±50 ft30° of bank
1Crosswind turn
Turned at
567 ft
Bank
20°
Speed
97 kt

Off heading: 7° from the leg's heading on average.

Each lap slightly wider and higher than the last, because you're unconsciously using the previous lap as your reference instead of the runway and the numbers. Invisible lap to lap, unmistakable across ten. This is the failure that only measurement catches, because your memory of lap three is gone by lap eight.

Read more in Pattern Work
2Onto downwind
Bank
25°
Height
812 ft on 1,000 ft
Speed
94 kt
Out
1.5 nm 0.9 suits 94 kt

Low on downwind: 812 ft against 1,000 ft, 188 ft below.

Descending on downwind. Power comes back abeam, the aircraft isn't re-trimmed, your eyes are outside judging the turn point, and 100 ft leaks away before base. Shows up as a low gate 2, and everything after it is a scramble.

Read more in Pattern Work
3Base turn
Angle
13° target 45°
Bank
18°
Height
789 ft

Lost marks: scored 70.

Entry100Crosswind94Turn onto downwind96Downwind91Base turn70

The approach to KVGT 12L

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3.2° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 1.8 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 210 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3.2° here, which is about 340 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 60 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,4101,0807404003.2° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND373365265
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 850 m left of the centreline at 1.8 nm.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND606 m L314 m L126 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on KVGT 12L

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
17ft
Threshold speed15.81
44kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.10m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
147m
Centreline100.00
0.26m R
Speed100.00
34kt
Touchdown rate86.29
-183fpm
Impact100.00
1.18G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 1° left of the track, 2° of bank.

Wind 140° at 15 kt · 15 kt head · 1 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 1,220 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 17 ft, 33 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 147 m in, 158 m short of the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,220 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

17 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −180 fpm · 6.1° nose up · 34 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 17 ft, down at 147 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

From 15 ft the descent stopped and turned into a climb of 150 fpm before coming down at 180 fpm to touch. The nose came up 2.4° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−180 fpm at touchdown6.1° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 1,220 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 1 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 147 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 147 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 147 m of 1,220 m · 12 %
In the air over the runway, 147 mRollout, 0 m Left over, 1,072 m

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