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CYCK
Chatham, Canada
Runway 24
Elevation643 ft asl
Weight7,128 lbs
Fuel1,062 lbs
Wind280° · 26 kn · 21 kn cross

Flight Score

86.55 %
CYTZ
Toronto, Canada
Runway 26
Elevation249 ft asl
Weight6,678 lbs
Fuel610 lbs
Wind280° · 17 kn · 8 kn cross
6 Oct 2024 0:47 156 nm Spitfire Mk IX 452 lbs
Departure Score
91.49 %
Enroute Score
84.28 %
Arrival Score
83.88 %

What went well

Held the centreline on the roll in a 20 kn crosswind — 15.4 ft off at liftoff
Touched down at -100 fpm — a soft arrival
1.10 G at touchdown — inside band

What held you back

Enroute Level — bank angle up to 162.1 ° at 0 %, g force 0.60 to 3.60 g at 40 %, −2.62 points
Enroute Descent — 250 kt exceeded below 10,000 ft; speed limits at 0 %, bank angle up to 46.4 ° at 87 %, −2.51 points
Arrival Touchdown — Landing Bounce at 0 %, Speed at touchdown 94 kn at 34 %, −2.03 points

Next time

Fixing the bounce

See Arrival Touchdown

Fast at the threshold, normal flare, and the runway seems to refuse the aircraft. The instinctive fix - pushing it on - causes the next one. A fast aircraft forced onto the runway touches nosewheel-first or nearly so. The tell is a touchdown that feels soft followed by a bounce that steepens. Pilots fix the bounce recovery; the cause was the 10 knots at the threshold.

Read more in VRef Explained

Start to finish · 21 stages, 15 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 24 at CYCK Chatham-Kent, Average speed was 3 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 8 kn0 kn min to max 15 kn 0 9 kn
Info Average pitch angle 8.7 °0.0 ° min to max 11.4 ° 0.0 11.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.0 0.1 °
Info Average g force 0.98 g0.91 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 0.98 g

Events

Info Battery Master On 644 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 644 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 644 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 644 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 5 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 5 ft agl
Departure Roll 79.52Departure roll runway 24 at CYCK Chatham-Kent. Takeoff distance 2,209 ft 49 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 111 kn. Local weather - Temperature 77 °F. Wind 26 kn at 280 °. Crosswind: 21 kn Headwind: 16 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 2,209 ft49 % of runway
30 % Liftoff speed was 111 knTarget 80 kn
93 % Runway alignment max 31.8 ft15.4 ft left to 16.4 ft right -2.6 15.4 ft
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.89 g min to max 1.29 g 0.98 1.29 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 4.2 °1.5 ° min to max 11.4 ° 11.3 7.0 °
Info Average bank angle 1.9 °0.0 ° min to max 6.1 ° 0.2 2.9 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Departure Climb 1 98.15Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 24 CYCK Chatham-Kent.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99 % Heading variation -0.7 °-1.1 ° min to max -0.3 ° -0.3 -1.1 °
100 % Average speed 118 kn110 kn min to max 123 kn 111 123 kn
94 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.0 ° min to max 4.3 ° 2.8 1.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.89 g min to max 1.33 g 1.31 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 318 ft/m164 ft/m min to max 519 ft/m 367 519 ft/m
Info Average altitude 27 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 54 ft agl 0 54 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.5 °4.0 ° min to max 7.4 ° 7.3 6.2 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 27 ft agl · 121 kt
Departure Climb 2 99.70Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 24 CYCK Chatham-Kent.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -1.2 °-1.3 ° min to max -1.1 ° -1.1 -1.2 °
100 % Average speed 130 kn123 kn min to max 149 kn 123 149 kn
99 % Average bank angle 1.5 °0.0 ° min to max 2.4 ° 1.4 1.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.93 g min to max 1.09 g 1.03 0.96 g
Info Average VSI 796 ft/m525 ft/m min to max 1,208 ft/m 525 1,198 ft/m
Info Average altitude 111 ft agl54 ft agl min to max 385 ft agl 54 385 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.8 °6.1 ° min to max 8.4 ° 6.2 6.4 °

Events

Fail Bounce during liftoff 146 ft agl · 139 kt
Departure Climb 3 88.59Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 24 CYCK Chatham-Kent.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -1.7 °-3.0 ° min to max -1.3 ° -1.3 -3.0 °
100 % Average speed 159 kn150 kn min to max 168 kn 151 167 kn
43 % Average bank angle 8.3 °0.0 ° min to max 23.7 ° 2.1 22.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.90 g min to max 1.22 g 0.90 1.11 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 1,038 ft/m240 ft/m min to max 2,561 ft/m 1,111 2,561 ft/m
Info Average altitude 507 ft agl403 ft agl min to max 721 ft agl 403 721 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.5 °2.5 ° min to max 10.2 ° 5.6 10.2 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile south west of CYCK Chatham-Kent Chatham (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 1,412 ft asl to 8,772 ft asl, an increase of 7,360 ft in 9 minutes and covering 28 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 172 kn157 kn min to max 188 kn 165 185 kn
100 % Average bank angle 13.1 °0.1 ° min to max 30.9 ° 22.2 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.84 g min to max 1.36 g 1.07 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 1,250 ft/m-4 ft/m min to max 2,655 ft/m 2,655 546 ft/m
Info Average altitude 4,120 ft asl1,412 ft asl min to max 8,772 ft asl 1,412 8,772 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 4.8 °0.1 ° min to max 10.6 ° 10.6 2.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 3 miles east of CPU3 New Glasgow Rodney (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 8,694 ft asl to 7,382 ft asl, a decrease of 1,312 ft in 4 minutes and covering 19 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 207 kn194 kn min to max 216 kn 194 211 kn
100 % Average bank angle 12.0 °0.0 ° min to max 28.0 ° 1.6 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.86 g min to max 1.19 g 0.96 1.08 g
Info Average VSI -355 ft/m-945 ft/m min to max 620 ft/m -945 -312 ft/m
Info Average altitude 8,335 ft asl7,382 ft asl min to max 8,773 ft asl 8,694 7,382 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.7 °-2.3 ° min to max 1.4 ° -2.3 -0.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched On 8,184 ft agl · 232 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 8,184 ft agl · 232 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 8,162 ft agl · 234 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 7,981 ft agl · 240 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 7,961 ft agl · 231 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 7,940 ft agl · 228 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 7,940 ft agl · 228 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Deactivated 7,940 ft agl · 228 kt
Enroute Level 52.82Enroute level cruise started 9 miles south east of Port Stanley (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 6 minutes, covering 26 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
96 % Average altitude 7,130 ft asl6,453 ft asl min to max 7,515 ft asl 7,459 7,129 ft asl
100 % Average speed 206 kn178 kn min to max 225 kn 206 196 kn
0 % Average bank angle 16.8 °0.1 ° min to max 162.1 ° 0.3 1.1 °
40 % Average g force 1.21 g0.60 g min to max 3.60 g 1.01 0.98 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.4 °-26.3 ° min to max 18.3 ° 1.0 2.1 °
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile west of Port Rowan (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 7,225 ft asl to 8,895 ft asl, an increase of 1,670 ft in 2 minutes and covering 8 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 193 kn183 kn min to max 200 kn 196 188 kn
100 % Average bank angle 4.5 °0.2 ° min to max 12.9 ° 0.5 1.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.65 g min to max 1.11 g 1.06 0.65 g
Info Average VSI 745 ft/m-68 ft/m min to max 1,212 ft/m 509 830 ft/m
Info Average altitude 7,902 ft asl7,225 ft asl min to max 8,895 ft asl 7,225 8,895 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.3 °-0.0 ° min to max 4.2 ° 2.0 0.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 2 97.99Enroute level cruise started 7 miles north east of Port Rowan (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 4 minutes, covering 17 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
93 % Average altitude 8,190 ft asl7,929 ft asl min to max 8,991 ft asl 8,888 7,951 ft asl
100 % Average speed 209 kn193 kn min to max 215 kn 193 209 kn
100 % Average bank angle 9.1 °0.1 ° min to max 19.6 ° 1.0 1.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.89 g min to max 1.07 g 0.97 0.95 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-2.4 ° min to max 2.4 ° 0.3 -0.8 °
Enroute Descent 2 54.90Enroute descent started 3 miles north of CJA2 Selkirk (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 7,864 ft asl to 2,058 ft asl, a decrease of 5,806 ft in 7 minutes and covering 30 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Average speed 228 kn211 kn min to max 260 kn 212 239 kn
87 % Average bank angle 7.9 °0.0 ° min to max 46.4 ° 1.5 2.6 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.54 g min to max 1.42 g 1.01 0.96 g
Info Average VSI -1,001 ft/m-4,518 ft/m min to max 784 ft/m -562 -1,113 ft/m
Info Average altitude 5,321 ft asl2,058 ft asl min to max 7,864 ft asl 7,864 2,058 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.7 °-10.8 ° min to max 1.6 ° -1.3 -3.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 3,117 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 6,754 ft agl · 245 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 6,754 ft agl · 245 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 6,074 ft agl · 241 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Deactivated 6,074 ft agl · 241 kt
Arrival 53.77Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started 3 miles north of CJA2 Selkirk (Ontario, Canada).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 213 kn177 kn min to max 241 kn 239 224 kn
0 % Average bank angle 11.0 °0.0 ° min to max 72.5 ° 2.8 0.1 °
69 % Average g force 1.10 g0.47 g min to max 2.59 g 1.05 1.23 g
Info Average VSI -196 ft/m-4,283 ft/m min to max 2,462 ft/m -1,158 -1,450 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,125 ft asl366 ft asl min to max 2,530 ft asl 2,038 366 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.4 °-11.2 ° min to max 7.9 ° -2.9 -2.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 436 ft agl · 234 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 436 ft agl · 234 kt
Arrival Final 1 88.70Not counted in the flight scoreApproaching runway 26 at CYTZ Toronto\/City Centre from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 100 ft agl to 75 ft agl. A decrease of 26 ft in 2 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99 % Approach angle 3.0 °2.7 ° min to max 3.8 °Target 3.0 ° 2.7 3.8 °
100 % Average speed 224 kn223 kn min to max 225 kn 224 224 kn
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 -0.2 °
94 % Average bank angle 3.7 °1.9 ° min to max 5.4 ° 1.9 3.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.17 g1.12 g min to max 1.23 g 1.15 1.21 g
Info Average VSI -884 ft/m-1,161 ft/m min to max -486 ft/m -1,161 -486 ft/m
Info Average altitude 87 ft agl75 ft agl min to max 100 ft agl 100 75 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.5 °-2.4 ° min to max -0.4 ° -2.4 -0.4 °

Events

Fail Gear not down
Arrival Landing 40.02Not counted in the flight scoreLanding on runway 26 at CYTZ Toronto\/City Centre, runway length 3,989 ft. Threshold height at 68 ft agl was above target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 224 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Threshold speed was excessively high at 224 kn. Target 75 kn
0 % Landing and flare profile
95 % Heading variation -0.5 °-0.6 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.2 -0.5 °
79 % Average bank angle 5.6 °1.2 ° min to max 10.0 ° 3.6 10.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.15 g0.91 g min to max 1.33 g 1.20 1.33 g
Info Average speed 221 kn213 kn min to max 225 kn 224 213 kn
Info Average VSI 91 ft/m-465 ft/m min to max 928 ft/m -465 928 ft/m
Info Average altitude 72 ft agl64 ft agl min to max 99 ft agl 68 99 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °-0.9 ° min to max 4.2 ° -0.4 4.2 °
Arrival 2 76.17Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started .
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 111 kn90 kn min to max 213 kn 213 117 kn
43 % Average bank angle 18.7 °0.1 ° min to max 42.2 ° 10.2 4.7 °
94 % Average g force 1.10 g0.82 g min to max 1.70 g 1.35 1.10 g
Info Average VSI 9 ft/m-1,666 ft/m min to max 4,695 ft/m 954 -491 ft/m
Info Average altitude 713 ft asl342 ft asl min to max 1,051 ft asl 356 342 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.9 °-4.6 ° min to max 20.5 ° 4.3 1.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 801 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 784 ft agl · 94 kt
Arrival Final 1 99.39Approaching runway 26 at CYTZ Toronto\/City Centre from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 93 ft agl to 42 ft agl. A decrease of 51 ft in 7 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 1.9 °1.9 ° min to max 2.0 °Target 3.0 ° 1.9 2.0 °
100 % Average speed 116 kn114 kn min to max 118 kn 117 116 kn
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 -0.1 °
97 % Average bank angle 1.9 °0.0 ° min to max 4.7 ° 4.7 2.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.92 g min to max 1.10 g 1.10 1.05 g
Info Average VSI -381 ft/m-491 ft/m min to max -297 ft/m -491 -362 ft/m
Info Average altitude 65 ft agl42 ft agl min to max 93 ft agl 93 42 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-0.8 ° min to max 1.3 ° 1.0 1.3 °
00.250.50.751050100150Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-80-60-40-20020406080Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Landing 71.65Landing on runway 26 at CYTZ Toronto\/City Centre, runway length 3,989 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was excessively high at 116 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Threshold speed was excessively high at 116 kn. Target 75 kn
88 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° -0.1 0.3 °
96 % Average bank angle 1.5 °0.0 ° min to max 4.2 ° 2.8 3.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.84 g min to max 1.13 g 1.07 1.00 g
Info Average speed 109 kn94 kn min to max 119 kn 116 94 kn
Info Average VSI -186 ft/m-359 ft/m min to max -41 ft/m -359 -64 ft/m
Info Average altitude 17 ft agl7 ft agl min to max 35 ft agl 35 7 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.5 °-0.2 ° min to max 2.9 ° 1.3 2.9 °
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,25001223354658Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,250-90-72-54-36-1801836547290Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 69.57Touchdown point was very long using more than 50% of available runway. Touchdown speed at 94 kn was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was excellent at -64 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 12 ft from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 77 °F. Wind 17 kn at 280 °. Crosswind: 8 kn Headwind: 15 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown VSI was -64 ft/m.
90 % Touchdown distance was 1,811 ftTarget 1,500 ft
34 % Speed at touchdown 94 knTarget 69 kn
98 % Runway alignment max 11.6 ft11.1 ft left 11.6 9.6 ft
91 % Average bank angle 2.5 °0.1 ° min to max 3.5 ° 3.1 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.91 g min to max 1.10 g 1.00 1.09 g
0 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 91 kn89 kn min to max 94 kn 94 89 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °1.6 ° min to max 3.3 ° 2.9 3.3 °
Arrival Rollout 83.72Total landing distance 3,304 ft, 83 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
69 % Landing distance 3,304 ft83 % of runway.
96 % Runway alignment max 23.0 ft9.4 ft left to 13.7 ft right 9.4 -1.6 ft
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.92 g min to max 1.11 g 1.08 1.03 g
Info Average speed 70 kn43 kn min to max 79 kn 79 43 kn
Info Average pitch angle 5.5 °1.9 ° min to max 11.5 ° 3.4 11.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.7 0.2 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 5 ft agl · 87 kt
Info Bounce during touchdown 5 ft agl · 75 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 27 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 14 kn3 kn min to max 38 kn 38 7 kn
Info Average pitch angle 11.4 °11.2 ° min to max 11.7 ° 11.6 11.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.1 0.8 °
Info Average g force 0.99 g0.97 g min to max 1.06 g 1.03 0.98 g
Arrival Taxi 95.05Taxiing to the parking from the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 11 kn3 kn min to max 16 kn 7 3 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 knmax 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.95 g min to max 1.03 g 0.98 1.03 g
Info Average pitch angle 11.3 °11.2 ° min to max 11.4 ° 11.3 11.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.5 0.0 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Info Parking Brake On 5 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 5 ft agl

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 110 kt with 4.4° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

180 kt12060020°10°0°LIFTOFF4.4° off6° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 23 kt 11.3° 0 s
80 kt929 ft 80 kt 2.6° 13.9 s
Liftoff1,987 ft 110 kt 4.4° 21.3 s
35 ft3,402 ft · 8.0 s after liftoff 121 kt 5.6° 29.3 s
End of Climb 312,484 ft · 721 ft 167 kt 10.3° 68 s

Takeoff from CYCK 24

Takeoff roll100.00
2,209ft49 %
Liftoff speed29.68
110kt
Runway alignment92.90
16.4ft R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb98.15
317fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 721 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 823 ft of runway left; then climbing at 930 fpm on average to 721 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

750 ft375 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 110 ktSCALE CHANGES1.4 nm past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 4,494 ft runway.

Rolled from 268 ft in, drifted 16 ft right of the centreline and was back on it to lift off, in 20 kn of crosswind from the right. Airborne 50 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS20 kn75 %widest 16.3 ft RROLL 268 FT INAirborne 2,255 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 2,255 ft of 4,494 ft · 50 %
Behind the start of the roll, 268 ftTakeoff roll, 1,987 ft Left ahead, 2,239 ft

The approach to CYTZ 26

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 0.7 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 60 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND177
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 630 ft left of the centreline at 0.7 nm, then inside the band from 0.4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR1000 ft L01000 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND82 ft L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on CYTZ 26

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
35ft
Threshold speed0.00
116kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.3ft L

Touchdown

Past threshold89.62
1,811ft
Centreline98.26
11.6ft L
Speed34.23
93kt
Touchdown rate100.00
-100fpm
Impact100.00
1.10G
Bounces0.00
5
The crosswind

7 kt across from the right, which takes about 4° of crab to hold the centreline at 95 kt. Touched down with 2° of it still on, 3° of bank.

Wind 280° at 17 kt · 15 kt head · 7 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 3,989 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 35 ft, 15 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 1,811 ft in, 811 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 3,989 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

35 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −63 fpm · 2.6° nose up · 95 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 35 ft, down at 1,811 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 280 fpm at 34 ft to 60 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.3° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−1°4°10°touchdown−63 fpm at touchdown2.6° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 3,989 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 10 ft left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 14 ft right at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 7 kn FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 1,811 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 1,811 ft past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The 1.10 G arrival bounced 5 times.

Runway used 3,080 ft of 3,989 ft · 77 %
In the air over the runway, 1,811 ftRollout, 1,269 ft Left over, 909 ft
Rollout distance91.15
1,269ft77 % used
Rollout alignment95.93
13.7ft R

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