Events
Events
Events
Events
Events
MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Know your rotation speed
See Departure Roll
A typical trainer rotates in the mid-50s of knots - a 172 at around 55 KIAS, climbing out at a Vy in the low 70s, though check your own POH rather than memorising Cessna's numbers - and the transferable rule is that Vr sits just above the stall speed in takeoff configuration. Rotate early because "it felt ready" and the aircraft lifts off inside ground effect, where induced drag is reduced, then climbs out of it into more drag. On a marginal-performance day the result is an aircraft that lifts off and then refuses to climb, sagging back towards the runway.
Read more in Improve Your Take-OffsStart to finish · 13 stages, 11 in the score
Events
Events
Events
Events
Events
From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Lifted off at 133 kt with 2.9° of pitch.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 954 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 567 m of runway left; then climbing at 1,390 fpm on average to 954 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 2,033 m runway.
Rolled from 40 m in, never more than 1 m off the centreline. Airborne 56 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.
The final from 4 nm.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 3.5 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 80 ft below the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 765 m right of the centreline at 3.5 nm, then inside the band from 2.0 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 32 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 18 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band from 3.5 nm, where the final began, to 1.2 nm, then slow to the threshold (up to −12 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.
Wind 270° at 3 kt · 2 kt tail · 0 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 129 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 54 s, an average deceleration of 0.10 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 27 ft, 23 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 281 m in, close to the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 560 fpm at 26 ft to 320 fpm at touchdown. The pitch barely changed.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,033 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 1.9 m of it down the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.
The 281 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The Antonov Airlines aircraft departed from runway 27 at Bremen Airport (EDDW), rolling down the 1,118-meter runway, which is 55% of its total length. The aircraft lifted off at a speed of 134 knots, overcoming the local weather conditions of a temperature of -4°C and a gentle headwind of 3 knots from a direction of 270°. The aircraft's climb began as it flew over Stuhr, a town in Lower Saxony, Germany, and it steadily ascended from an altitude of 1,033 feet above sea level to 980 feet, a gain of 53 feet in just 2 minutes, while covering a distance of 2 nautical miles.
As the aircraft continued its journey, it began its final approach to runway 09 at Bremen Airport, coming in from the west at a heading of 69.0° and at an altitude of 958 feet above ground level, 3 nautical miles from the runway. The aircraft maintained a steady course, preparing for a smooth landing.
The Antonov Airlines aircraft touched down on runway 09 at Bremen Airport, with a touchdown distance of 281 meters, which was considered good. The touchdown speed was also within acceptable limits at 131 knots, and the touchdown rate was firm at -324 feet per minute. The runway touchdown alignment was perfect, indicating a well-executed landing. The local weather conditions at the time of landing were a temperature of -5°C and a gentle tailwind of 3 knots from the same direction as the headwind.
The total landing distance was 1,180 meters, which is 58% of the runway's total length. The runway rollout alignment was also perfect, indicating a smooth and controlled descent. The Antonov Airlines aircraft had completed a total flight distance of 7 nautical miles, taking 5 minutes to complete the journey, and it had consumed 2,251 kilograms of fuel during the flight.
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