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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Avoid steep turns at low altitude
Below a thousand feet the aeroplane is slow, heavy and close to the ground. A steep turn loses lift, raises the stall speed and flattens the climb just when the gradient matters most. A normal turn on course is a rate one — fifteen degrees or so, twenty-five at the outside, this penalty is to acknowledge when a turn has stopped being a turn and become a manoeuvre.
Read more in Improve Your Take-OffsStart to finish · 17 stages, 15 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Lifted off at 90 kt with 6.2° of pitch.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 571 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.
Reached 35 ft with 1,000 ft of runway left; then climbing at 830 fpm on average to 571 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 3,952 ft runway.
Rolled from 602 ft in, never more than 1 ft off the centreline. Airborne 51 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.
The final from 4 nm.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 150 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 45× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 30 ft off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 78 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 48 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between +2 kt and +67 kt on the approach speed of 90 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
4 kt across from the left, which takes about 3° of crab to hold the centreline at 84 kt. Touched down with 3° of it still on, wings level.
Wind 160° at 4 kt · 1 kt tail · 4 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 90 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 15 s, an average deceleration of 0.23 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 4,934 ft of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 29 ft, 21 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 924 ft in, close to the ideal 1,000 ft.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 4,934 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 530 fpm at 28 ft to 120 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.1° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the full 4,934 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 6 ft of it down the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 924 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The flight began with a taxiing period from the parking area to the runway, which took approximately 5 minutes and covered less than 1 nautical mile. The aircraft, a Baron 58P, then departed from runway 28 at KPHN St Clair County International Airport. The takeoff distance was 1,499 feet, which accounted for 38% of the runway. The liftoff speed was 91 knots.
As the aircraft climbed, it started enroute climb 1 mile east of 11G Johnson Field Smiths Creek, Michigan. The climb began at an altitude of 1,237 feet above sea level and increased to 1,761 feet, a rise of 523 feet in just 1 minute, covering a distance of 2 nautical miles. Following the climb, the aircraft entered a level cruise phase, which started 1 mile northwest of 11G Johnson Field Smiths Creek and lasted for 19 minutes. During this period, the aircraft covered a distance of 59 nautical miles.
The final approach to runway 28 at KHYX Saginaw County H.W. Browne Airport was made from the east, with a heading of 270.0 degrees at an altitude of 4 nautical miles and 1,361 feet above ground level. The landing was smooth, with a threshold speed of 92 knots and a touchdown speed of 84 knots. The touchdown distance was 913 feet, which was 45% of the runway length. The touchdown rate was smooth at -116 feet per minute, and the runway touchdown alignment was very good.
The local weather conditions at the time of landing were a temperature of 57 degrees Fahrenheit, with a wind speed of 4 knots at 160 degrees. The crosswind was 4 knots, and the tailwind was 1 knot. After landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area, which took approximately 2 minutes and covered less than 1 nautical mile. The total flight distance was 67 nautical miles, and the flight duration was 27 minutes. The aircraft used 83 pounds of fuel during the flight.
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