Events
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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Ease the yoke smoothly to hold a steady one g through the ground roll instead of letting it sag to 0.5 g.
What happened: During the ground roll the g force averaged 0.5 g, well below the smooth steady load expected while tracking the runway.
Watch for: Watch the g meter and hold it steady near one g through the roll.
See Departure Roll
Arrival
Add power on final to hold 66 kt over the threshold.
What happened: Crossing the threshold at 50 kt against 66 kt usually leaves little energy to cushion the touchdown, and a firm arrival like that often carries through into higher g on the rollout.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 66 kt at the threshold
Every knot above Vref is stored kinetic energy, and energy stored at the threshold must be dissipated in ground effect before the aeroplane will stop flying. Because kinetic energy scales with the square of speed, the excess you must dissipate grows fast. At a 45-knot approach, five knots hot is over a tenth more speed and roughly a quarter more energy to get rid of in ground effect. This is why the fix is never in the flare. It was decided three miles earlier, on final, at the airspeed indicator.
Read more in VRef ExplainedStart to finish · 16 stages, 14 in the score
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Taxi out
The roll
A clean takeoff
Rotated at 69 kt against the 69 kt rotate speed, then held 9.2° from 35 ft, within 3.7° top to bottom.
Rotated on speed at a steady rate, and the climb attitude held. This is the takeoff to repeat: the same speed check, the same pull, the same attitude.
Liftoff and climb
Plan view the roll down the 1,400 m runway.
Rolled from 36 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 2.8 m at the widest, and lifted off 2.8 m left. Airborne 21 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 442 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 760 m of runway left; gear up at 139 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 920 fpm on average to 442 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
At the 500 ft gate: centreline more than 1° off.
Sideslipping at the upper gate - wing down, opposite rudder. That is a technique for losing height without gaining speed, so the sink rate, the glideslope and wings level are not asked there: they are what the slip is for. The other checks are marked as usual.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 2.2 to 1.1 nm, then not again: left of the centreline from 1.1 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 4.5° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 3.6 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 560 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 4.5° here, which is about 470 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 80 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 5× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band from 3.6 nm, where the final began, to 1.1 nm, then 36 m left of it from 1.1 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 33 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 20 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Fast from 3.6 nm, where the final began, to 2.2 nm (up to +83 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Perfect landing flare
Touchdown
Rollout
Taxi in
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 38 ft, 12 ft below the 50 ft target; began the flare at 14 ft. Touched down 257 m in, 48 m short of the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 480 fpm at the flare to 60 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 4.1° on the way down. Into the flare at 48 kt, 18 kt under the 66 kt approach speed, and 38 kt at touchdown.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 1,779 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down on the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 3.7 m left at the widest. No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.
Wind 360° at 6 kt · 6 kt tail · 0 kt across
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.
The 257 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The stop — touchdown to taxi speed.
From 57 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 43 s, an average deceleration of 0.03 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
The rest of the report
The Piper PA-24 Comanche taxied to runway 04 at LFLP Annecy Haute-Savoie Mont Blanc Airport and took off, using 328 m (23 % of the runway). Liftoff occurred at 69 kt. Local weather was 16 °C with wind 3 kt from 186°, a 2 kt crosswind and a 3 kt tailwind.
Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 25 seconds, averaging 917 fpm and reaching 94 kt at the top of the climb. The aircraft then climbed from 1,946 ft asl to 3,969 ft asl in 7 minutes, covering 16 nm and passing overhead Metz-Tessy.
Level flight was maintained at 3,700 ft asl for 2 minutes, covering 4 nm, beginning about 1 mile west of Cessens. Descent began from 3,485 ft asl to 2,561 ft asl in 1 minute, covering 3 nm, starting about 1 mile north-west of Brison-Saint-Innocent.
Final approach to runway 18 at LFLB Chambéry Savoie Mont Blanc Airport descended from 1,890 ft agl to 0 ft agl in 115 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, speed and wings level; the centreline check was not met at one gate. Configuration was gear down at 1,980 ft agl at 149 kt and final flap position 9 at 1,297 ft agl at 112 kt.
Landing on runway 18 was on a runway 1,779 m long with good threshold height. Threshold speed was 50 kt, well below target. The flare was described as perfect. Touchdown occurred 256 m from the threshold at 38 kt with a descent rate of minus 58 fpm; alignment was perfect and there was no bounce. Total landing distance was 1,104 m (62 % of the runway) and rollout alignment was very good.
Taxiing from the runway to the parking area took 1 minute and covered less than 1 nm. The total flight covered 27 nm in 14 minutes and used 10 kg of fuel. Local weather at landing was 13 °C with wind 9 kt from 360°, no crosswind and a 9 kt tailwind.
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