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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Hold the approach angle
See Arrival Final 2
Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.
Read more in The Stabilised ApproachStart to finish · 16 stages, 14 in the score
Events
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Lifted off at 68 kt with 9.9° of pitch.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to 225 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 704 m of runway left; then climbing at 480 fpm on average to 225 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.
Plan view the roll down the 1,459 m runway.
Rolled from 329 m in, drifted right of the centreline, 13 m at the widest, and lifted off 13 m left, in 6 kn of crosswind from the right. Airborne 41 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Right-hand, 1,000 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from liftoff to the threshold.
Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 1.4 nm out at 144 kt
The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.
Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded
The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The green box is circuit height, 1,000 ft, on the downwind. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°. "Turn crosswind from" is the lowest height to start the first turn at.
Good: full marks on the turn and the leg after it.
High on downwind: 1,171 ft against 1,000 ft, 171 ft above.
Downwind. Parallel to the runway, opposite the landing direction, at pattern altitude and roughly 90 kt. The single most important moment of the entire circuit is the point abeam your intended touchdown point. Power back (around 1,700 RPM in a 172 works as a starting value to calibrate), first stage of flap, pre-landing flow, and re-trim. Everything from abeam to touchdown is one continuous energy problem. Arrive at the abeam point high or fast and you'll pay for it ninety seconds later in the flare, which is why analysing only the touchdown so often misdiagnoses the fault.
Read more in Pattern WorkLost marks: scored 70.
The final from 4 nm.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 2.5 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 200 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 610 m right of the centreline at 2.5 nm, then inside the band from 1.5 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 32 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 18 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Fast from 2.5 nm, where the final began, to the threshold (up to +34 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
6 kt across from the right, which takes about 5° of crab to hold the centreline at 71 kt. Touched down straight - the crab taken out before the wheels touched, wings level.
Wind 130° at 9 kt · 7 kt head · 6 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,459 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 17 ft, 33 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 127 m in, 178 m short of the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,459 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 500 fpm at 17 ft to 160 fpm at 6 ft, then back up to 310 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 0.9° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the full 1,459 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down on the centreline and drifted to 4.6 m right on the rollout, back to 1.9 m left by the end.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 127 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.31 G arrival bounced 3 times.
The rest of the report
The flight began with a departure roll from runway 09 at Key West International Airport, where the aircraft, a Douglas DC-3, accelerated down the 280-meter runway, covering 19% of its length, before lifting off at a speed of 68 knots. The local weather conditions at the time of takeoff were characterized by a temperature of 30 degrees Celsius and a wind blowing at 10 knots from a direction of 130 degrees, resulting in a crosswind of 7 knots and a headwind of 8 knots.
As the aircraft entered the right-hand pattern, it did so from runway 09, completing the turn in less than 1 nautical mile in 181 seconds. The subsequent crosswind turn was also executed to the right, covering a distance of less than 1 nautical mile in just 14 seconds. The downwind turn, which was part of the pattern, covered a distance of 6 nautical miles, with the aircraft maintaining an angle of 45 degrees to the runway and a turn angle of 2.5 degrees.
The downwind leg of the pattern was short, lasting less than 1 nautical mile in 10 seconds, before the aircraft began its base leg turn. This turn, which was also to the right, covered a distance of 1 nautical mile and had a turn angle of 96 degrees to the runway. The final approach to runway 09 was made from the west, with the aircraft flying at a heading of 63 degrees and an altitude of 758 feet above ground level, 2 nautical miles from the runway.
The landing on runway 09 was successful, with the aircraft touching down at a speed of 71 knots, which was slightly faster than the target speed. The touchdown distance was good, covering 126 meters of the runway, and the runway touchdown alignment was perfect. The local weather conditions at the time of landing were similar to those at takeoff, with a temperature of 30 degrees Celsius and a wind blowing at 9 knots from a direction of 130 degrees, resulting in a crosswind of 6 knots and a headwind of 7 knots.
The total landing distance was 714 meters, which was 49% of the runway length. The runway rollout alignment was very good, indicating a smooth and controlled descent. The total flight distance was 13 nautical miles, and the flight used 41 kilograms of fuel.
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