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MY FS FLIGHTS
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Shorten the long landing
Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.
Read more in Flare TimingStart to finish · 16 stages, 14 scored
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The threshold, the flare and the hold-off. The approach that led to it is the stabilisation gates below.
One stabilised approach gate: five checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out.
Side view — the last 3,701 m of the approach.
Plan view — the full 3,701 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 1,188 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The flight in question was operated by a Boeing 747-400 aircraft, departing from runway 31L at Budapest Liszt Ferenc International Airport (LHBP). The takeoff distance covered 44% of the runway, which was 1,334 meters long. The aircraft lifted off at a speed of 168 knots, and the local weather conditions at the time of departure were characterized by a temperature of 18 degrees Celsius.
As the aircraft climbed out of LHBP, it began its enroute climb 1 mile west of the airport, rising from an altitude of 1,432 feet above sea level to 2,878 feet above sea level. This climb of 1,446 feet was achieved in just 1 minute, covering a distance of 2 nautical miles. The enroute level cruise phase started 2 miles east of Kobanya, a suburb of Budapest, and lasted for 3 minutes, during which the aircraft covered a distance of 11 nautical miles.
The enroute descent phase began overhead Peteri, a town in Pest megye, Hungary. The aircraft descended from an altitude of 2,415 feet above sea level to 1,799 feet above sea level, a decrease of 616 feet in 2 minutes, covering a distance of 3 nautical miles. The final approach to runway 31R at LHBP was made from the south-east, with the aircraft heading 315.0 degrees at a distance of 4 nautical miles and an altitude of 1,343 feet above ground level.
The landing on runway 31R was not entirely smooth, as the threshold height was significantly above the target, and the threshold speed was too high at 173 knots. However, the touchdown speed of 161 knots was good, and the touchdown rate of -8 feet per minute was perfect. The touchdown point was 710 meters beyond the touchdown zone, and the runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 6.0 meters from the centerline. The total landing distance was 3,965 meters, which was 107% of the runway length.
The runway rollout alignment was excessively misaligned by 133.1 meters from the centerline. The total flight distance was 22 nautical miles, and the flight duration was 9 minutes. The aircraft used 2,890 kilograms of fuel during the flight.
The aircraft in question, a Boeing 742, has completed a landing at Budapest Liszt Ferenc International Airport (LHBP) on runway 31R. The final approach was initiated from the southeast, heading 315.0° at a distance of 4 nautical miles and an altitude of 1,343 feet above ground level (agl).
Upon landing, the aircraft touched down 710 meters beyond the designated touchdown zone, which is a significant deviation from the target. The touchdown speed of 161 knots was within acceptable limits, and the touchdown rate of -8 feet per minute (fpm) was perfect, indicating a smooth and controlled descent. However, the threshold height at 94 feet agl was significantly above the target, and the threshold speed was too high at 173 knots.
The landing distance of 3,965 meters exceeded the runway length of 3,701 meters by 107%, indicating that the aircraft required a considerable amount of runway to come to a stop. Furthermore, the runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 6.0 meters from the centerline, which could have contributed to the excessive landing distance.
The local weather conditions at the time of the landing were characterized by a temperature of 19°C. While this may not have directly impacted the landing performance, it is essential to consider the environmental factors that may have influenced the aircraft's behavior.
The most concerning aspect of this landing was the runway rollout alignment, which was excessively misaligned by 133.1 meters from the centerline. This significant deviation from the centerline could have compromised the safety of the aircraft and the surrounding air traffic. It is essential to investigate the causes of this misalignment and take corrective action to prevent similar incidents in the future.
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