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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Use coordinated aileron input to level the wings and hold bank angle close to wings-level during the climb.
What happened: During the initial climb, your average bank angle drifted to 7.6°.
Watch for: Attitude indicator, bank angle near wings-level
Arrival
On crosswind, correct heading promptly back to runway heading using coordinated rudder and aileron as soon as drift is seen.
What happened: The heading drifted -19° off runway heading on the crosswind leg, and a heading deviation like this usually carries through onto base, where this flight was 17° off.
Watch for: Heading indicator, holding runway heading on crosswind.
The rudder input is a changing profile through the roll rather than one that is held. So the demand on your right foot starts large at power application, eases as speed builds and the rudder gains authority, then jumps again at rotation.
Read more in Improve Your Take-OffsStart to finish · 14 stages, 12 in the score
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Taxi out
The roll
A clean takeoff
Rotated at 55 kt against the 54 kt rotate speed, the nose rising at 6.5° a second, then held 11.8° from 35 ft, within 0.8° top to bottom.
Rotated on speed at a steady rate, and the climb attitude held. This is the takeoff to repeat: the same speed check, the same pull, the same attitude.
Liftoff and climb
Plan view the roll down the 1,101 m runway.
Rolled from 383 m in, drifted 2.7 m left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 60 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Side view from the start of the roll to 49 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 304 m of runway left.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The dark stretch of the roll is the run with the nose up and the wheels still on, with its length and time under the runway.
Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The grey band is the run between the nose coming up and the wheels leaving the runway. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare.
Right-hand, 1,000 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from liftoff to the threshold.
Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 0.7 nm out at 67 kt
The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.
Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded
The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The green box is circuit height, 1,000 ft, on the downwind. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°. "Turn crosswind from" is the lowest height to start the first turn at.
Off heading: 19° from the leg's heading on average.
Each lap slightly wider and higher than the last, because you're unconsciously using the previous lap as your reference instead of the runway and the numbers. Invisible lap to lap, unmistakable across ten. This is the failure that only measurement catches, because your memory of lap three is gone by lap eight.
Read more in Pattern WorkOff heading: 9° from the leg's heading on average.
Spacing cues are relative to your eyepoint, so two simmers with different FOV settings following the same wingtip cue fly patterns half a mile different in width, and a wide FOV compresses depth so the runway on base looks further away than it is, biasing you towards a late turn. Pick a camera position and FOV, save it, and never change it, because every judgement you calibrate is calibrated to that picture.
Read more in Pattern WorkOff heading: 17° from the leg's heading on average.
Bank angle in the pattern is conventionally kept to 20 to 30 degrees, and the base-to-final turn is where that convention earns its keep. Stall speed rises with bank because the wing must produce more lift in a turn. Roughly 7 per cent higher at 30 degrees, about 19 per cent at 45, and around 40 per cent at 60. At 65 kt on base you don't have much margin to spend steepening a turn to salvage an overshoot.
Read more in Pattern WorkGood: full marks on the turn.
The final from 4 nm.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
High from 1.5 nm, where the final began, to 0.7 nm (up to 490 ft over), then back on it to the threshold.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 5× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 1.5 nm, never more than 79 m off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 30 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 18 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band from 1.5 nm, where the final began, to 0.9 nm, then slow to 0.3 nm (up to −8 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Perfect landing flare
Touchdown
Rollout
Side view — the last 1,101 m of the approach.
Began the flare at 26 ft, 64 m before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 15 ft, 35 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 218 m in, 87 m short of the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,101 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 300 fpm at the flare to 90 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 3.3° on the way down. Into the flare at 54 kt, 5 kt under the 59 kt approach speed, and 45 kt at touchdown.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the full 1,101 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 1.8 m of it down the rollout. Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 4° left of the track, wings level.
Wind 269° at 3 kt · 2 kt tail · 1 kt across
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.
The 218 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The stop — touchdown to taxi speed.
From 48 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 5 s, an average deceleration of 0.18 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
The rest of the report
The Robin DR400 departed from runway 12 at LFLI Annemasse Airfield. The take-off roll used 667 m, which is 61 % of the runway. Rotation was achieved at 55 kt. Local weather at departure was temperature 15 °C, wind 3 kt from 269°, with a 1 kt crosswind and a 2 kt tailwind.
Initial climb to 50 ft agl took 5 seconds, averaging 613 fpm and reaching 59 kt at the top of the climb.
The aircraft entered a right-hand circuit for runway 12. The circuit lasted 7 minutes. The downwind leg was 4 nm, flown in 210 seconds at 990 ft agl. The base leg was less than 1 nm and was completed in 43 seconds.
Final approach to runway 12 began from 994 ft agl and descended to 4 ft agl in 87 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 500 ft above the runway were: gear down, landing flap, sink rate, on centreline, wings level - all met; on glideslope and on speed - not met.
Landing was on runway 12, whose length is 1,101 m. The threshold speed was a little below target at 53 kt. The flare was described as perfect. Touchdown occurred 217 m down the runway at 45 kt with a descent rate of minus 87 fpm; alignment was perfect and there was no bounce. Total landing distance was 330 m, which is 30 % of the runway, and rollout alignment remained perfect. Local weather at landing was temperature 15 °C, wind 2 kt from 269°, with a 1 kt crosswind and a 2 kt tailwind.
The entire flight covered 10 nm, lasted 9 minutes and consumed 2 kg of fuel.
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