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EBBR
Zaventem, Belgium
Runway 19
Elevation144 ft asl
Weight60,027 kg
Fuel2,360 kg
Wind217° · 18 kn · 7 kn cross

Flight Score

95.11 %
LIMC
Ferno (VA), Italy
Runway 17L
Elevation722 ft asl
Weight57,725 kg
Fuel2,123 kg
Wind200° · 6 kn · 3 kn cross
24 Oct 2026 1:21 419 nm Airbus A319 238 kg
Departure Score
98.30 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
87.03 %

What went well

Rotated at 155 kt — on the 146 kt rotation target
Airborne in 1,192 m — 43 % of the runway
Held the centreline on the roll — 8.34 m off at liftoff

What held you back

Firm touchdown — 339 fpm, −0.99 points across the landing and the touchdown
  • Arrival Landing · flare: the descent was not taken out−0.51
  • Arrival Touchdown · sink rate 339 fpm−0.46
  • Arrival Touchdown · 1.35 G at contact−0.02
Arrival Approach — 1,000 ft gate 86 %, 500 ft gate 86 %, −0.95 points
Arrival Landing — Runway alignment max 20.85 m right at 56 %, Threshold height at 70 ft agl was well above target at 66 %, −0.91 points

Next time

Departure

Raise the gear lever promptly once a positive climb is confirmed, before reaching the target retraction height.

What happened: Gear retraction was delayed, with the gear not coming up until 562 ft agl.

Watch for: Landing gear: up by the normal retraction gate

See Departure Climb 3

Arrival

Fly a steeper descent on final so you cross the threshold at 50 ft agl instead of 70 ft agl.

What happened: The aircraft crossed the threshold at 70 ft agl against a 50 ft agl target, well above the normal profile. The touchdown point was also long at 871 m against a 457 m target, a pattern often seen after high threshold crossings.

Watch for: Radio altimeter against the 50 ft threshold crossing target on short final.

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 16 stages, 14 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 142 minutes and covered 9 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 4 kt0 kt min to max 13 kt 0 6 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 10 ktmax 10 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-0.8 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.0 0.2 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 9 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 9 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 9 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 9 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 9 ft agl
Info Engine 2 Started 9 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 9 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 2 9 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 9 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 21 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 9 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 9 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 9 ft agl
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 19 at EBBR Brussels Airport, Average speed was 24 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 7 kt6 kt min to max 10 kt 6 10 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.0 0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 19 at EBBR Brussels Airport. Takeoff distance 1,192 m 43 % of runway. Rotation speed was 155 kt. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 21 kt at 216 °. Crosswind: 8 kt Headwind: 19 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,192 m43 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 155 ktTarget 146 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 8.34 m right4.03 m left to 8.34 m right 4.03 -8.34 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.04 g 1.00 0.99 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °0.1 ° min to max 5.7 ° 0.1 5.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.1 0.4 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 19 EBBR Brussels Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.5 °0.4 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.4 0.6 °
100 % Average speed 174 kt166 kt min to max 178 kt 166 173 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.4 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.18 g1.00 g min to max 1.27 g 1.00 1.19 g
Info Average VSI 741 fpm240 fpm min to max 1,360 fpm 240 1,360 fpm
Info Average altitude 12 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 39 ft agl 0 39 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.1 °5.9 ° min to max 12.1 ° 5.9 12.1 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 19 EBBR Brussels Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.7 °0.6 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.6 0.8 °
100 % Average speed 178 kt173 kt min to max 188 kt 173 188 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.7 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.7 1.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.14 g0.96 g min to max 1.20 g 1.19 1.07 g
Info Average VSI 1,942 fpm1,394 fpm min to max 2,883 fpm 1,394 2,883 fpm
Info Average altitude 99 ft agl41 ft agl min to max 358 ft agl 41 358 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 12.6 °11.7 ° min to max 13.1 ° 12.2 12.4 °
Departure Climb 3 91.52Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 19 EBBR Brussels Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99 % Climb speed 183 kt180 kt min to max 185 ktTarget 161 kt, 22 kt fast 183 184 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.4 °1.2 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.4 1.5 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.93 g min to max 1.02 g 0.98 0.97 g
73 % Landing gear up at 562 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl, 162 ft agl late
Info Heading variation 0.7 °0.5 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.8 0.5 °
Info Average VSI 3,061 fpm2,983 fpm min to max 3,180 fpm 2,983 3,180 fpm
Info Average altitude 679 ft agl408 ft agl min to max 992 ft agl 408 992 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 12.5 °12.1 ° min to max 12.8 ° 12.4 12.1 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 618 ft agl · 181 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 618 ft agl · 181 kt
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead Zaventem (Flanders, Belgium). Climbing from 1,209 ft asl to 39,008 ft asl, an increase of 37,799 ft in 20 minutes and covering 144 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 245 kt183 kt min to max 284 kt 186 237 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.3 °0.0 ° min to max 30.1 ° 1.5 18.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.89 g min to max 1.15 g 0.92 1.06 g
Info Average VSI 1,782 fpm-39 fpm min to max 3,873 fpm 3,141 13 fpm
Info Average altitude 20,752 ft asl1,209 ft asl min to max 39,012 ft asl 1,209 39,008 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.0 °3.1 ° min to max 12.6 ° 12.2 3.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 6,888 ft agl · 224 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 6,911 ft agl · 241 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 7,878 ft agl · 275 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Bistroff (Grand Est, France) and lasted 16 minutes, covering 123 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,450 ft of 39,024 ft asl38,881 ft asl min to max 39,043 ft asl 39,008 38,881 ft asl
100 % Average speed 239 kt237 kt min to max 241 kt 237 240 kt
100 % Average bank angle 6.9 °0.0 ° min to max 20.3 ° 18.8 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.93 g min to max 1.08 g 1.06 0.95 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 3.4 °0.8 ° min to max 3.8 ° 3.5 0.8 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started overhead Oberlunkhofen (Kanton Aargau, Switzerland). Descent from 38,539 ft asl to 2,063 ft asl, a decrease of 36,476 ft in 20 minutes and covering 122 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 245 kt179 kt min to max 303 kt 241 179 kt
100 % Average bank angle 16.0 °0.0 ° min to max 26.8 ° 1.2 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.71 g min to max 1.23 g 0.99 1.03 g
Info Average VSI -1,607 fpm-3,765 fpm min to max 229 fpm -2,332 -536 fpm
Info Average altitude 14,413 ft asl2,063 ft asl min to max 38,539 ft asl 38,539 2,063 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.0 °-2.6 ° min to max 4.6 ° 0.3 1.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 3,522 ft agl · 239 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 4,341 ft agl · 213 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 4,317 ft agl · 207 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Travedona Monate (Lombardia, Italy) and lasted 4 minutes, covering 12 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±603 ft of 2,008 ft asl1,996 ft asl min to max 2,055 ft asl 2,055 2,001 ft asl
100 % Average speed 163 kt158 kt min to max 180 kt 178 159 kt
100 % Average bank angle 11.6 °0.0 ° min to max 25.2 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.89 g min to max 1.13 g 1.07 0.97 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 4.5 °1.6 ° min to max 6.0 ° 1.7 3.8 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 876 ft agl · 165 kt
Info Flaps Position 4 876 ft agl · 165 kt
Arrival Approach 85.71Final approach to runway 17L at LIMC Milan Malpensa International Airport. Descent from 1,280 ft agl to 101 ft agl in 88 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
0 % On speedfailed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 923 ft agl · 168 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 923 ft agl · 168 kt
Arrival Landing 78.70Landing on runway 17L at LIMC Milan Malpensa International Airport, runway length 2,974 m. Threshold height at 70 ft agl was well above target. Threshold speed was slightly above target at 144 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99 % Threshold speed was slightly above target at 144 kt. Target 133 kt
66 % Threshold height at 70 ft agl was well above target.Target 50 ft agl
67 % The flare wandered off the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 1.7° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 871 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
56 % Runway alignment max 20.85 m right15.15 m right to 20.85 m right -16.92 -15.15 m
100 % Average bank angle 1.1 °0.0 ° min to max 2.1 ° 1.6 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.94 g min to max 1.09 g 1.02 1.02 g
Info Average speed 138 kt133 kt min to max 144 kt 144 133 kt
Info Average VSI -363 fpm-650 fpm min to max -145 fpm -650 -375 fpm
Info Average altitude 28 ft agl-4 ft agl min to max 70 ft agl 70 -4 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.4 °3.8 ° min to max 7.0 ° 3.8 7.0 °
0751502253003754505256006757508259009751,05001428425670Runway Distance mLanding Height ft0751502253003754505256006757508259009751,050-30-24-18-12-60612182430Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 81.85Touchdown point was 457 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 133 kt was a little fast. Touchdown rate was firm at -339 fpm. Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 15.1 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 20 °C. Wind 6 kt at 200 °. Crosswind: 3 kt Headwind: 5 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
66 % Touchdown rate was -339 fpm.
55 % Touchdown distance was 871 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 133 ktTarget below 132 kt
72 % Runway alignment max 15.15 m right14.99 m right -15.15 -14.89 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.3 °
94 % Average g force 1.15 g1.02 g min to max 1.35 g 1.02 1.17 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 133 kt133 kt min to max 133 kt 133 133 kt
Info Average pitch angle 7.1 °7.0 ° min to max 7.1 ° 7.0 7.0 °
Arrival Rollout 88.90Total landing distance 2,066 m, 69 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 14.8 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 2,066 m69 % of runway.
75 % Runway alignment max 14.83 m right0.00 m left to 14.83 m right -14.83 -0.06 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.13 g 1.13 1.00 g
Info Average speed 119 kt69 kt min to max 131 kt 131 69 kt
Info Average pitch angle 4.3 °-0.5 ° min to max 7.1 ° 7.0 -0.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.0 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 37 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 34 kt14 kt min to max 65 kt 65 14 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.8 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.6 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.0 0.4 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 9 minutes and covered 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 11 kt0 kt min to max 15 kt 14 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 7 ktmax 10 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.1 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.3 0.0 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 9 ft agl · 14 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 9 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 9 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 9 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl · 7 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl · 16 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 155 kt, 9 kt above the 146 kt target, and lifted off at 165 kt 2.4 s later, the nose coming up at 2.0° a second. Climb 3 averaged 183 kt, 22 kt over its 161 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 161210 kt14070020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFGEAR UPtarget 1465.9° off · 2.0°/s12° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 26 kt 0.1° 0 s
80 kt148 m 81 kt 0.5° 8.5 s
Rotate880 m · target 146 155 kt 1.0° 22.5 s
Liftoff1,060 m · +10 kt from rotation 165 kt 5.9° 24.9 s
35 ft1,345 m · 3.7 s after liftoff 173 kt 12.1° 28.6 s
Climb 32,068 m · 409 ft to 992 ft · target 161 183 kt avg 12.4° 37.8 s
Gear up2,317 m · 562 ft · full marks to 400 ft 185 kt 12.8° 40.9 s
End of Climb 32,982 m · 992 ft 184 kt 12.1° 48.3 s

Takeoff from EBBR 19

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
1,192m43 %
Rotation speed100.00
155kttarget 146, 9 fast
Liftoff speed
165kt
Runway alignment100.00
8.34m R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up73.01
562ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed99.05
183kttarget 161
Rate of climb100.00
740fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 992 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,282 m of runway left; gear up at 562 ft, 162 ft past the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,550 fpm on average to 992 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3183 kt avgtarget 161THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120140KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 155 kttarget 146Liftoff 165 ktGear up 562 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 2,766 m runway.

Rolled from 139 m in, drifted right of the centreline, 8.2 m at the widest, and lifted off 8.5 m right, in 6 kn of crosswind from the right. Airborne 43 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS6 kn75 %widest 8.25 m RROLL 139 M INAirborne 1,199 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,199 m of 2,766 m · 43 %
Behind the start of the roll, 139 mTakeoff roll, 1,060 m Left ahead, 1,567 m

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 85.716 of 7500 ft 85.716 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate720 fpm980 fpm
On glideslope3.3°3.3°
On centreline0.0° off0.0° off
On speed+35 kt+26 kt
Wings level0° bank0° bank

At the 1,000 ft gate: speed more than 33 kt above the approach speed of 133 kt.

At the 500 ft gate: speed more than 20 kt above the approach speed of 133 kt.

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to 3.0 nm, then not again: fast from 3.0 nm and right of the centreline from 0.3 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to LIMC 17L

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3.2° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 160 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3.2° here, which is about 340 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 60 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,4101,0807404003.2° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,2497443982111,000 ft gate6 of 7on speed1,061 ft · 168 kt500 ft gate6 of 7on speed554 ft · 159 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 22× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band from 4 nm to 0.3 nm, then 17 m right of it from 0.3 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR43 m L043 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND3 m L1 m L4 m R8 m R2 m L1 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 33 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 20 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band from 4 nm to 3.0 nm, then fast to the threshold (up to +38 kt).

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

120140160180 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 133+27 kt+32 kt+22 kt+16 kt+11 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on LIMC 17L

Over the threshold

Threshold height66.04
70ft
Threshold speed98.94
143kttarget 133, 10 fast
Centreline offset56.08
20.85m R

Touchdown

Past threshold54.77
871m
Centreline72.03
15.15m R
Speed100.00
133kttarget 131, 2 fast
Touchdown rate65.60
-339fpm
Impact94.29
1.35G
BouncesOk
None
The flare67.40

The flare wandered off the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 1.7° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 871 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.

The crosswind

3 kt across from the right, which takes about 1° of crab to hold the centreline at 133 kt. Touched down straight - the crab taken out before the wheels touched, wings level.

Wind 200° at 6 kt · 5 kt head · 3 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 132 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 51 s, an average deceleration of 0.11 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012060 kt · 1,260 m30 kt · 1,926 mtouchdown2,003 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 2,144 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 70 ft, 20 ft above the 50 ft target; began the flare at 13 ft. Touched down 871 m in, 566 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 2,144 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

70 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 13 ft · −405 fpm · 5.4° · 134 ktdescent slowed at 0 ft · −348 fpm · 7°−339 fpm · 7° nose up · 133 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 70 ft, down at 871 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 400 fpm at the flare to 340 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.6° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−339 fpm at touchdown7° at touchdown, +1.6° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 2,144 m of the 2,974 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 15 m right of the centreline, and steered back to 0.1 m right by the end of the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,5002,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 3 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 871 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 871 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The 339 fpm arrival was firm.

Runway used 2,022 m of 2,974 m · 68 %
In the air over the runway, 871 mRollout, 1,151 m Left over, 952 m
Rollout distance100.00
1,151m68 % used
Rollout alignment75.34
14.83m R

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Flight narrative

The Airbus A319 taxied from the parking area for 142 minutes, covering 9 nm, before departing runway 19 at Brussels Airport (EBBR). Take-off was performed on a 1,192 m roll, using 43 % of the runway. Rotation occurred at 155 kt. Local weather was 15 °C with wind 21 kt from 216°, giving a crosswind component of 8 kt and a headwind component of 19 kt.

Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl lasted 20 seconds, averaging 2,321 fpm and reaching 184 kt at the top of the segment. The climb continued from 1,209 ft asl to 39,008 ft asl in 20 minutes, covering 144 nm, with the aircraft passing overhead Zaventem. Cruise level at 39,000 ft asl was held for 16 minutes, covering 123 nm, passing overhead Bistroff. Descent began from 38,539 ft asl to 2,001 ft asl in 24 minutes, covering 134 nm, starting overhead Oberlunkhofen, with a brief level-off at 2,000 ft asl.

Final approach to runway 17L at Milan Malpensa (LIMC) descended from 1,280 ft agl to 101 ft agl in 88 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, and wings level; the speed check was not met. Configuration on final was flap 3 at 4,317 ft agl with a speed of 207 kt.

Landing on runway 17L (runway length 2,974 m) had a threshold height of 70 ft agl, which was well above target, and a threshold speed of 144 kt, slightly above target. The flare was described as a fair landing flare, with the aircraft ballooning in the flare. Touchdown occurred 457 m beyond the touchdown zone, at a speed of 133 kt, a little fast, with a firm touchdown rate of minus 339 fpm. The touchdown point was misaligned by 15.1 m from the centreline. No bounce occurred. Total landing distance was 2,066 m, 69 % of the runway, and rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 14.8 m from the centreline.

After landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area in 9 minutes, covering 1 nm. The total flight covered 419 nm in 81 minutes and used 238 kg of fuel.

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