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0CO2
Crested Butte, United States
Runway 29
Elevation8,980 ft asl
Weight2,274 lbs
Fuel359 lbs
Wind359° · 8 kn · 7 kn cross

Flight Score

81.59 %
0CO2
Crested Butte, United States
Runway 29
Elevation8,980 ft asl
Weight2,268 lbs
Fuel353 lbs
Wind359° · 8 kn · 7 kn cross
20 Nov 2023 0:13 7 nm BEECH B35-B33 6 lbs
Departure Score
91.79 %
Pattern Score
86.65 %
Arrival Score
66.34 %

What went well

Touched down at -45 fpm — a soft arrival
Straight touchdown — 3.5 ft off the centreline, no bounce
1.08 G at touchdown — inside band

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Threshold speed was excessively high at 92 kn at 0 %, Landing and flare profile at 0 %, −10.07 points
Pattern Base Leg — Heading -26.3 ° at 0 %, −2.14 points
Departure Roll — landing lights off should be on, strobe light off should be on, then taxi light on should off; Takeoff distance 6,197 ft at 0 %, Liftoff speed was 80 kn at 11 %, −1.64 points

Next time

Keep the approach speed on target

See Arrival Landing

Every knot above Vref is stored kinetic energy, and energy stored at the threshold must be dissipated in ground effect before the aeroplane will stop flying. Because kinetic energy scales with the square of speed, the excess you must dissipate grows fast. At a 45-knot approach, five knots hot is over a tenth more speed and roughly a quarter more energy to get rid of in ground effect. This is why the fix is never in the flare. It was decided three miles earlier, on final, at the airspeed indicator.

Read more in VRef Explained

Start to finish · 15 stages, 14 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 5 minutes and covered 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 12 kn0 kn min to max 14 kn 0 4 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 7 knmax 12 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
100 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.6 0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.1 0.2 °

Events

Fail Beacon Light OFF should be ON
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 7 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 17 kt
Departure Roll 80.27Departure roll runway 29 at 0CO2 Buckhorn Ranch. Takeoff distance 6,197 ft 142 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 80 kn. Local weather - Temperature 28 °F. Wind 8 kn at 358 °. Crosswind: 7 kn Headwind: 5 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Takeoff distance 6,197 ft142 % of runway
11 % Liftoff speed was 80 knTarget 75 kn
90 % Runway alignment max 15.9 ft1.5 ft left to 14.5 ft right -9.0 -6.4 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.04 g 1.00 1.04 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-0.0 ° min to max 3.5 ° 0.4 3.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.9 °0.1 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.2 1.6 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights OFF should be ON
Fail Strobe Light OFF should be ON
Fail Taxi Light ON should OFF
Departure Climb 1 96.89Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 29 0CO2 Buckhorn Ranch.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 -0.3 °
100 % Average speed 82 kn80 kn min to max 84 kn 80 84 kn
88 % Average bank angle 3.2 °0.1 ° min to max 6.7 ° 1.9 1.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.97 g min to max 1.09 g 1.06 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 406 ft/m309 ft/m min to max 547 ft/m 309 547 ft/m
Info Average altitude 19 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 45 ft agl 0 45 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.6 °3.7 ° min to max 7.3 ° 3.7 7.3 °
Departure Climb 2 90.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 29 0CO2 Buckhorn Ranch.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 82 kn77 kn min to max 84 kn 84 77 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.8 °0.0 ° min to max 4.6 ° 1.8 4.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.06 g 1.04 0.97 g
Info Average VSI 685 ft/m445 ft/m min to max 1,006 ft/m 559 612 ft/m
Info Average altitude 60 ft agl-58 ft agl min to max 428 ft agl -58 428 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.7 °6.2 ° min to max 9.7 ° 7.3 7.3 °
Pattern Entry 100.00Left hand pattern entry from runway 29 0CO2 Buckhorn Ranch. Distance was less than 1 nm in 19 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 79 kn77 kn min to max 81 knTarget 82 kn 77 80 kn
100 % Average bank angle 16.3 °6.2 ° min to max 20.8 ° 6.2 17.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.97 g min to max 1.11 g 0.97 1.05 g
Info Average VSI 604 ft/m331 ft/m min to max 894 ft/m 564 566 ft/m
Info Average altitude 529 ft agl437 ft agl min to max 637 ft agl 437 637 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.3 °5.4 ° min to max 9.3 ° 6.9 6.9 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 573 ft agl · 90 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 591 ft agl · 92 kt
Pattern Crosswind 92.23Left hand pattern crosswind from runway 29 0CO2 Buckhorn Ranch. Distance was less than 1 nm in 28 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
83 % Heading 7.6 °-13.0 ° min to max 146.9 ° 18.0 -13.0 °
100 % Average speed 80 kn79 kn min to max 81 kn 80 79 kn
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.95 g min to max 1.07 g 1.06 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 742 ft/m560 ft/m min to max 966 ft/m 560 950 ft/m
Info Average altitude 819 ft agl646 ft agl min to max 999 ft agl 646 999 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 6.7 °0.1 ° min to max 17.6 ° 17.6 16.6 °
Info Average pitch angle 8.0 °7.0 ° min to max 9.2 ° 7.1 8.1 °
Pattern Downwind Turn 100.00Pattern Downwind Turn. Distance was 2 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 43.4 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 43.4 °.
100 % Average speed 80 kn79 kn min to max 81 kn 79 80 kn
100 % Average bank angle 15.0 °5.8 ° min to max 18.5 ° 17.8 5.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g1.00 g min to max 1.05 g 1.02 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 662 ft/m543 ft/m min to max 871 ft/m 871 759 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,125 ft agl1,029 ft agl min to max 1,222 ft agl 1,029 1,222 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.5 °5.7 ° min to max 7.5 ° 7.3 7.5 °
Pattern Downwind 83.66Pattern Downwind Leg. Distance was 2 nm in 60 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
91 % Heading 6.4 °-16.6 ° min to max 12.9 ° 9.8 -16.6 °
55 % Average altitude 1,252 ft agl1,188 ft agl min to max 1,314 ft agl 1,235 1,188 ft agl
100 % Average speed 98 kn80 kn min to max 111 kn 80 107 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.86 g min to max 1.16 g 0.98 1.05 g
Info Average VSI -31 ft/m-669 ft/m min to max 759 ft/m 759 -233 ft/m
Info Average bank angle 4.8 °0.1 ° min to max 20.8 ° 4.8 20.8 °
Info Average pitch angle 1.2 °-2.2 ° min to max 7.1 ° 7.1 -0.4 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 759 ft agl · 126 kt
Pattern Base Leg Turn 75.67Pattern Base Leg Turn. Distance was 1 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 70.3 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
19 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 70.3 °.
100 % Average speed 104 kn102 kn min to max 106 kn 106 105 kn
100 % Average bank angle 16.0 °5.4 ° min to max 23.4 ° 21.0 5.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.99 g min to max 1.10 g 1.05 1.03 g
Info Average VSI -533 ft/m-893 ft/m min to max -203 ft/m -274 -329 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,079 ft agl933 ft agl min to max 1,183 ft agl 1,183 933 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.1 °-2.8 ° min to max 0.2 ° -0.6 0.2 °
Pattern Base Leg 55.00Pattern Base Leg. Distance was less than 1 nm in 22 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Heading -26.3 °-59.6 ° min to max -8.4 ° -8.4 -59.6 °
100 % Average speed 101 kn92 kn min to max 105 kn 104 92 kn
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.94 g min to max 1.17 g 0.96 1.04 g
Info Average VSI -188 ft/m-658 ft/m min to max 297 ft/m -308 -196 ft/m
Info Average altitude 871 ft agl844 ft agl min to max 928 ft agl 928 862 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 13.9 °3.4 ° min to max 23.2 ° 4.4 23.2 °
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °-1.6 ° min to max 2.9 ° -0.2 0.3 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 958 ft agl · 121 kt
Pattern Final Turn 100.00Pattern Final Turn. Distance was less than 1 nm in 3 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 92 kn92 kn min to max 92 kn 92 92 kn
100 % Average bank angle 24.1 °23.6 ° min to max 24.5 ° 23.6 24.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g1.04 g min to max 1.05 g 1.04 1.05 g
Info Average VSI -415 ft/m-550 ft/m min to max -280 ft/m -280 -550 ft/m
Info Average altitude 845 ft agl831 ft agl min to max 857 ft agl 857 831 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.8 °-1.4 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.2 -1.4 °
Arrival Landing 9.40Landing on runway 29 at 0CO2 Buckhorn Ranch, runway length 4,371 ft. Threshold height at 915 ft agl was excessively over target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 92 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Threshold speed was excessively high at 92 kn. Target 70 kn
0 % Landing and flare profile
0 % Heading variation 8.8 °-0.1 ° min to max 68.2 ° 6.1 -0.0 °
44 % Average bank angle 5.7 °0.0 ° min to max 23.3 ° 22.2 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.92 g min to max 1.15 g 1.11 0.96 g
Info Average speed 72 kn57 kn min to max 92 kn 92 57 kn
Info Average VSI -353 ft/m-984 ft/m min to max 156 ft/m -626 -39 ft/m
Info Average altitude 184 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 915 ft agl 915 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-4.9 ° min to max 3.2 ° -1.2 2.5 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 709 ft agl · 100 kt
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7500183366549732915Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,0001,2501,5001,750-20-16-12-8-4048121620Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 99.01Touchdown distance was good at 1,537 ft. Touchdown speed at 57 kn was a little fast. Touchdown rate was perfect at -39 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 29 °F. Wind 8 kn at 358 °. Crosswind: 7 kn Headwind: 5 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown VSI was -39 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 1,537 ftTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 57 knTarget 61 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 3.5 ft2.8 ft right -2.3 -3.5 ft
96 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.8 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.8 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.96 g min to max 1.08 g 0.96 1.03 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 56 kn56 kn min to max 57 kn 57 56 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.4 °2.3 ° min to max 2.7 ° 2.5 2.4 °
Arrival Rollout 90.62Total landing distance 2,480 ft, 57 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 2,480 ft57 % of runway.
79 % Runway alignment max 24.8 ft0.0 ft left to 24.8 ft right -3.9 -13.0 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.03 g 1.03 1.00 g
Info Average speed 55 kn30 kn min to max 58 kn 58 30 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.4 °-0.4 ° min to max 3.6 ° 2.6 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 1.6 °0.2 ° min to max 3.0 ° 1.2 0.6 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 14 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 10 kn6 kn min to max 26 kn 26 6 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.7 ° -0.3 0.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.5 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Engine 1 Stopped 3 ft agl · 13 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 79 kt with 3.7° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

90 kt6030020°10°0°LIFTOFF3.7° off7° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH020406080 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 9 kt 0.4° 0 s
Liftoff2,965 ft 79 kt 3.7° 34.4 s
35 ft3,835 ft · 5.7 s after liftoff 83 kt 6.9° 40.1 s
End of the climb10,142 ft · 533 ft 77 kt 7.3° 84 s

Takeoff from 0CO2 29

Takeoff roll100.00
3,054ft70 %
Liftoff speed11.31
79kt
Runway alignment90.03
14.5ft R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb96.89
405fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 533 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 432 ft of runway left; then climbing at 650 fpm on average to 533 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

750 ft375 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END3040506070KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 79 ktSCALE CHANGES1.0 nm past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 4,371 ft runway.

Rolled from 105 ft in, drifted 14 ft right of the centreline and was back on it to lift off, in 7 kn of crosswind from the right. Airborne 70 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS7 kn75 %widest 14.4 ft RROLL 105 FT INAirborne 3,070 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 3,070 ft of 4,371 ft · 70 %
Behind the start of the roll, 105 ftTakeoff roll, 2,965 ft Left ahead, 1,301 ft

The circuit to 0CO2 29

Left-hand, 1,000 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from liftoff to the threshold.

Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 1 nm out at 100 kt

How to read this

The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.

45° to the thresholdTHRLANDING1234crosswinddownwindbase90+75-89under 75not a circuit legtextbook circuit

Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded

How to read this

The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The green box is circuit height, 1,000 ft, on the downwind. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°. "Turn crosswind from" is the lowest height to start the first turn at.

05001,0001,5000°30°HEIGHT ftBANKcircuit height 1,000 ftturn crosswind from 700 ft21°119°223°324°4distance flown →
HeightBankA turnCircuit height ±50 ft30° of bank
1Crosswind turn
Turned at
579 ft
Bank
21°
Speed
80 kt

Off heading: 8° from the leg's heading on average.

Each lap slightly wider and higher than the last, because you're unconsciously using the previous lap as your reference instead of the runway and the numbers. Invisible lap to lap, unmistakable across ten. This is the failure that only measurement catches, because your memory of lap three is gone by lap eight.

Read more in Pattern Work
2Onto downwind
Bank
19°
Height
1,252 ft
Speed
98 kt
Out
1.4 nm 1 suits 100 kt

High on downwind: 1,252 ft against 1,000 ft, 252 ft above.

Downwind. Parallel to the runway, opposite the landing direction, at pattern altitude and roughly 90 kt. The single most important moment of the entire circuit is the point abeam your intended touchdown point. Power back (around 1,700 RPM in a 172 works as a starting value to calibrate), first stage of flap, pre-landing flow, and re-trim. Everything from abeam to touchdown is one continuous energy problem. Arrive at the abeam point high or fast and you'll pay for it ninety seconds later in the flare, which is why analysing only the touchdown so often misdiagnoses the fault.

Read more in Pattern Work
3Base turn
Angle
70° target 45°
Bank
23°
Height
1,183 ft

Early: turned base with the threshold 70° behind, against 45°.

Base. Turn 90 degrees towards the runway when the threshold sits about 45 degrees behind your shoulder. Descend at around 80 kt with second-stage flap. The geometry of that 45-degree cue isn't arbitrary. It produces a base leg long enough to lose roughly 500 ft at about 500 fpm before the final turn. Once you know that's what the cue is for, you can derive your own turn point for any aircraft and any speed.

Read more in Pattern Work
4Final turn
Bank
24°
Overshoot
none
Speed
92 kt

Good: full marks on the turn.

Entry100Crosswind92Turn onto downwind100Downwind84Base turn76Base55Final turn100

Landing and touchdown on 0CO2 29

Over the threshold

Threshold height0.00
914ft
Threshold speed0.00
92kt
Centreline offset0.00
68.2ft L

Touchdown

Past threshold94.90
1,653ft
Centreline100.00
3.5ft R
Speed100.00
56kt
Touchdown rate100.00
-45fpm
Impact100.00
1.08G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

7 kt across from the right, which takes about 7° of crab to hold the centreline at 57 kt. Touched down with 4° of it still on, wings level.

Wind 359° at 8 kt · 4 kt head · 7 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 59 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 13 s, an average deceleration of 0.14 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608030 kt · 992 fttouchdown1,032 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 4,371 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 914 ft, 864 ft above the 50 ft target. Touched down 1,653 ft in, 653 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 4,371 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

914 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −38 fpm · 2.5° nose up · 57 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 914 ft, down at 1,653 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 620 fpm at 32 ft to 40 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 5.1° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−3°4°10°touchdown−38 fpm at touchdown2.5° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 4,371 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 14 ft left at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 7 kn FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 1,653 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 1,653 ft past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 2,530 ft of 4,371 ft · 58 %
In the air over the runway, 1,653 ftRollout, 877 ft Left over, 1,841 ft
Rollout distance100.00
877ft55 % used
Rollout alignment79.16
24.8ft R

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